光充电二次电池

发布时间：2018-05-18 06:15

本文选题：太阳能电池 + 二次电池　；参考：《南开大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：高速发展的人类社会对能源的需求量与日俱增。然而,随着地球化石能源的不断消耗,能源短缺已成为制约当今社会高速发展的瓶颈。因此,寻求可再生能源的高效利用是人类社会实现可持续发展的最佳选择。太阳能是唯一可以在能源供应量上满足人类社会未来需求的可再生能源,并具有储量丰富、环境友好等诸多优势。因此,取之不尽的太阳能也被认为是化石能源最适合的替代品。太阳能电池作为光能的有效利用装置,在社会生活中应用十分广泛。但传统太阳能电池也存在着无法避免的缺陷：受地球日照时间长短、强弱不同的影响,太阳能电池的功率输出不稳定,而且只进行光能的转化,不能实现光能的存储。在无光照时,太阳能电池不对外输出能量,只能依靠与其相并联的二次电池提供能量。本论文针对太阳能电池存在的不足,以染料敏化太阳能电池为研究基础,借鉴二次电池的储能原理,对太阳能电池进行了结构改造和反应设计,在一个结构单元内,构筑起集光能转换与存储为一体的光充电二次电池体系。首先,本论文采用具有电催化活性的氮化钛纳米管／钛网为反应电极,以染料(N719)敏化的TiO2为光阳极、三氧化钨为负极活性物、碘化锂溶液为正极活性物构筑了基于无机液/固活性物质的光充电二次电池。该工作着重研究了氮化钛纳米管/钛网作为催化电极在光充电二次电池中的应用情况。实验结果显示,氮化钛纳米管/钛网具有较大的比较面积、良好的导电性和电催化活性,具有与铂/钛网电极相类似的催化能力。在100mWcm-2的光照强度下,光照30分钟以后,黑暗条件下,放电截止电压为0.2伏、放电电流密度为0.2mA cm-2时,以氮化钛纳米管/钛网为催化电极构筑的基于无机液/固活性物质的光充电二次电池的首周放电容量为0.139mAh cm-2。光充电与电化学放电第10周时,电池放电容量为0.124mAh cm-2,放电容量保持率为89.2%。该研究结果表明,采用氮化钛纳米管/钛网为电催化电极构筑的光充电二次电池实现了光能的直接转化与存储。其次,鉴于电化学反应速率和活性物质扩散速率在液体中比在固态中快的特点,本论文借鉴液流电池的输出功率和容量相对独立的储能原理,将染料敏化太阳能电池和液流电池进行优化组合构筑了基于无机液/液活性物质的光充二次电池。当光照强度为100mWcm-2、光照时间为10分钟、电解液流速为0.05mLmin-1、黑暗条件下放电电流密度为0.075mA cm-2、放电截止电压为0.2V时,基于碘化锂溶液和钨酸锂溶液分别为正负极活性物质的光充电二次电池的首周放电容量为0.0153mAh mL-1。特别指出的是电池可以重复进行光充电和电化学放电。当充放电循环到第10周时,光可充电二次电池放电容量仍然保持为0.0151mAh mL-1,放电容量保持率为98.6%。研究结果显示,以碘化锂溶液和钨酸锂溶液为电解液构筑的光充电二次电池可以直接转换并存储光能,而且能够以稳定的功率向外输出能量。该研究工作表明,通过选择费米能级相互匹配的半导体、染料、可溶性正负极活性物质,基于无机液/液活性物质的光充二次电池完全可以实现光能的直接转化与储存。最后,本论文研究了电化学活性有机分子在光充电二次电池中的应用。自然界中,电化学活性有机化合物来源丰富,而且具有氧化还原电势以及电化学活性随着取代基种类及取代基的位置不同而有所改变的特点。该论文以喹喔啉及其衍生物溶液分别为负极、碘化锂溶液为正极活性物构筑了基于有机-无机液/液活性物质的光充电二次电池。研究结果表明,以喹喔啉为负极活性物的光充电二次电池表现出了最佳的光充电与电化学放电性能。当光照强度为100mWcm-2、光照时间为10分钟、电解液流速为0.05mL min-1、光照时间为10分钟、放电电流密度为O.10mA cm-2、放电截至电压为0.2V时,以喹喔啉为负极活性物的光充电二次电池的首周放电容量为O.0291mAh mL-1,充放电循环第20周时,电池放电容量为0.0207mAh mL-1,电池放电容量保持率为71.1%。该研究工作为寻找、设计和合成具有可变氧化还原电势和电化学活性的光充电二次电池用有机分子提供了新的方向。总之,本论文构筑并探索研究了基于染料敏化太阳能电池为基础的光充电二次电池体系。论文提出的集光能转换与存储为一体的能量装换存储体系设计研究思路,对于探索开发新型的太阳能利用装置提供了新的思路。
[Abstract]:The demand for energy is increasing with the rapid development of human society. However, with the continuous consumption of fossil energy in the earth, the shortage of energy has become a bottleneck restricting the rapid development of today's society. Therefore, it is the best choice for the sustainable development of human society to seek the efficient use of renewable energy. The supply of renewable energy, which meets the future needs of human society, has many advantages, such as abundant reserves and friendly environment. Therefore, the inexhaustible solar energy is considered as the most suitable substitute for fossil energy. As an effective use device of light energy, solar cells are widely used in social life. But traditional solar power is used. There are also unavoidable defects in the pool: the power output of the solar cell is unstable due to the length of the earth's sunshine time, the influence of the strength and the strength, the energy output of the solar cell is unstable, and the light energy can not be stored. In the absence of light, the solar cell does not output the energy, and can only rely on the two batteries that are in parallel with the solar cell. Aiming at the shortage of solar cell, the paper takes the dye sensitized solar cell as the research foundation, uses the energy storage principle of the two battery, and designs the structure and reaction of the solar cell. In one structure unit, it constructs the two battery system of light charging, which integrates light energy conversion and storage.
Firstly, this paper uses the electrocatalytic active titanium nitride nanotube / titanium mesh as the reaction electrode, with the dye (N719) sensitized TiO2 as the photo anode, the tungsten trioxide as the negative active substance and the lithium iodide solution as the positive active substance, constructs the two times light charged battery based on the inorganic liquid / solid active substance. This work focuses on the study of the titanium nitride nanostructure. The application of tube / titanium mesh as a catalytic electrode in the two battery of light charged two times. The experimental results show that the titanium nitride nanotube / titanium network has a larger comparative area, good conductivity and electrocatalytic activity. It has a similar catalytic ability with the platinum / titanium mesh electrode. Under the light intensity of 100mWcm-2, the light illumination is 30 minutes later, under the dark condition, When the discharge cut-off voltage is 0.2 volts and the discharge current density is 0.2mA cm-2, the discharge capacity of the two battery, which is based on the inorganic liquid / solid active substance based on the titanium nitride nanotube / titanium mesh as the catalytic electrode, is 0.139mAh cm-2. light charging and electrochemical discharge for tenth weeks, and the discharge capacity of the battery is 0.124mAh cm-2, and the discharge capacity is guaranteed. The results showed that the direct conversion and storage of light energy was achieved by using the two times light charged cells constructed by the titanium nitride nanotube / titanium mesh as the electrocatalytic electrode for two times.
Secondly, in view of the characteristic that the rate of electrochemical reaction and the diffusion rate of active substances are faster in the liquid than in the solid, this paper uses the principle that the output power and capacity of the liquid flow battery is relatively independent, and combines the dye sensitized solar cell with the liquid flow battery to construct the two times of the light charge based on the inorganic liquid / liquid active substance. When the light intensity is 100mWcm-2, the illumination time is 10 minutes, the electrolyte flow velocity is 0.05mLmin-1, the discharge current density is 0.075mA cm-2 under the dark condition, the discharge cut-off voltage is 0.2V, the first week discharge capacity of the two battery based on lithium iodide solution and lithium tungstate solution as positive and negative active material is 0.0153mAh mL-1.. It is particularly pointed out that the battery can repeat the light charge and the electrochemical discharge. When the charge discharge cycle is tenth weeks, the discharge capacity of the two battery is still 0.0151mAh mL-1, the discharge capacity retention rate is 98.6%., and the two times the battery can be charged with lithium iodide solution and lithium tungstate solution as the electrolyte. In order to directly convert and store light energy and output energy at a stable power, the study shows that direct conversion and storage of light energy can be achieved by selecting semiconductors, dyes, soluble positive and negative active substances and two batteries based on inorganic liquid / liquid active substances by selecting the Fermi energy level.
Finally, in this paper, the application of electrochemical active organic molecules in the two battery of light charging is studied. In nature, the source of electrochemical active organic compounds is rich, and the redox potential and the electrochemical activity change with the different substituents and the location of the substituents. The biological solutions are negative and lithium iodide is used as positive active substance to construct a light charged two battery based on organic inorganic liquid / liquid active substance. The results show that the best light charging and electrochemical discharge performance of the two batteries with the negative active substance of the aquaquin is shown when the light intensity is 100mWcm-2 and the light is illuminated. The electrolyte flow rate is 10 minutes, the electrolyte flow velocity is 0.05mL min-1, the light time is 10 minutes, the discharge current density is O.10mA cm-2, the discharge end voltage is 0.2V, the first week discharge capacity of the two times of the light charging with the negative active substance is O.0291mAh mL-1, the discharge capacity of the battery is 0.0207mAh mL-1, the battery discharge capacity is 0.0207mAh mL-1, and the battery is put on the battery. The capacity retention rate is 71.1%.. The research work provides a new direction for the search, design and synthesis of organic molecules for two batteries with variable redox potential and electrochemical activity.
In this paper, the paper constructs and explores the two battery system based on the dye sensitized solar cell. The design of the energy conversion storage system based on the light energy conversion and storage is proposed in this paper, which provides a new way of thinking for the exploration and development of the new solar energy utilization device.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM914.4

【参考文献】