电价引导下电力产业链综合节能优化模型研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 19:11

本文选题：电力产业链 + 综合节能　；参考：《华北电力大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：电力产业作为能源工业的重要组成部分,其对能源供应安全具有重要影响,推动电力产业节能是缓解能源供应短缺压力保障能源供应安全的重要途径。我国通过推行发电节能调度、发电权交易、峰谷分时电价、居民阶梯电价等一系列政策,提高清洁能源发电比例,优化电力结构,促进节电降耗,在电力产业发、输、配、供、用各环节取得了一定的节能减排成果。但由于各环节利益的割裂性,已有节能措施仅从各环节自身的效益出发,难以达成电力产业链整体的协调合作,实现节能效益最大化。如何从电力产业链的总体角度出发,协调各环节节能工作的开展,实现各部分节能效益的协同与放大,成为电力产业链节能工作研究与实施的重点。以此为背景,论文基于我国当前的电力机制,针对电力产业链发、输、配、供、用各环节电价引导下促进发电侧、电网侧和用户侧联合节能的优化模型与方法进行研究,旨在为我国电力产业链节能工作的综合开展提供理论参考。关于发电侧节能优化问题,重点研究了发电节能与电煤运输节能的优化模型。在发电节能优化上,分别针对可再生能源发电全额收购、限制部分风电出力、水火联合备用等三种调度方案构建了包括风电、光伏发电、水电、火电等多类型机组的联合调度节能优化模型,研究了既定负荷需求下调度方案对各类型机组发电出力及发电煤耗的影响。优化结果表明基于可调节水电与火电联合备用的多类型机组发电节能调度,将有利于兼顾电力系统的节能效果与经济运行。随后构建了辅助节能优化调度的发电权交易节能降耗优化模型,借助Shapley值法将发电权交易的节能效益在各参与主体之间进行分配,并依据节能贡献率确定各交易对中参与机组所得利润增量与置换价格。在电煤运输节能优化上,以电煤采购成本最小化为目标,分别构建了单一发电企业电煤供应与运输路径动态优化模型和区域电煤运输网络联合优化模型,对发电煤炭需求变动带来的电煤运输能耗差异进行分析。关于电网侧节能优化问题,重点研究了电网侧输电阻塞管理带来的能耗增量及相应的分摊机制。在输电阻塞管理节能优化上,基于直流最优潮流理论,引入发电机输出功率转移分布因子,构建了以机组发电出力煤耗增量最小为目标不考虑负荷削减的输电阻塞管理节能优化模型,并采用基于配对综合煤耗当量的反向等量配对法进行求解,算例结果表明该模型与方法较其他阻塞管理方法可有效降低输电阻塞的煤耗增量成本。随后基于Aumann-Shapley值法对阻塞煤耗增量在阻塞路径上进行分摊,并构建了基于煤炭能源边际价值的输电引导价格设计模型,为输电线路的扩建与发展提供参考,引导用户用电结构及电源投资方向。在用户侧节能优化方面,首先以天然气联合循环分布式发电系统为例构建了可调节出力的分布式发电系统的运行策略优化模型,并分析了调峰调度与上网电价对分布式发电运行策略的影响。随后基于分布式发电的出力能耗分析,引入可中断负荷的停电阈值价格概念,构建了考虑用户侧分布式发电与可中断负荷参与的阻塞管理联合节能优化模型,研究了发、输、配、供、用各环节的联合节能优化。此外,针对居民阶梯电价,论文构建了以发电节煤最大化为目标的电价优化设计模型,分析了不同分档比例和不同发电结构对发电节能优化效果的影响。在产业链综合节能内在运作机制方面,论文以用户销售电价变动为例,构建了基于电价联动机制的电力产业链综合节能系统动力学模型,通过因果关系图与流积图描绘系统中各环节的发电环节、输配电环节、供用电环节的响应运作机理,借助Vensim软件对电力产业链中发电侧与用户侧的综合节能响应传递机理和电网输电阻塞节能的响应机理进行了仿真模拟,并以电网收益分享比例、煤炭需求价格弹性及火电上网电价调整时间等因素为敏感因子对电力产业链的综合节能效果进行敏感性分析。研究表明,提高销售电价带来的需求侧响应效果将引导电力产业链实现综合节能,然而在电力产业链的综合作用下该需求响应效果将随时间递减,因此需构建基于销售电价的需求侧管理长期调整机制。
[Abstract]:As an important part of the energy industry, the power industry has an important influence on the safety of energy supply. It is an important way to promote the energy conservation of the power industry to alleviate the pressure of energy supply shortage. To improve the proportion of clean energy power generation, optimize the power structure, promote energy saving and reduce consumption, and achieve certain energy saving and emission reduction results in the power industry, transmission, distribution, supply and use, but due to the fragmentary interests of various links, the existing energy saving measures are only starting from the benefits of each link itself, and it is difficult to achieve the overall coordination and cooperation of the electric power industry chain. At present, the energy saving benefit is maximized. From the general point of view of the electric power industry chain, how to coordinate the development of energy saving work in various links, realize the synergy and enlargement of the energy efficiency of each part, and become the focus of the research and implementation of the energy saving work in the power industry chain. In order to provide theoretical reference for the comprehensive development of energy conservation work in China's power industry chain, the optimization model and method of the joint energy conservation of the power generation side and the user side are studied under the guidance of the electricity price of each link.
On the problem of energy saving and optimization of power generation side, the optimization model of energy saving and energy saving of electric coal is mainly studied. In the optimization of power generation energy saving, three kinds of scheduling schemes, including wind power, photovoltaic power, hydropower, thermal power and so on, are constructed for full purchase of renewable energy power generation, limited wind power supply and water fire combined reserve. The effect of scheduling scheme on power generation output and coal consumption of various types of units under the established load demand is studied. The optimization results show that the energy saving and economic operation of the power system based on the adjustable hydropower and thermal power unit will be beneficial to the energy saving and economic operation. An optimization model of energy saving and consumption reduction for power generation trading is built to assist the energy saving and optimal scheduling. The energy saving benefits of power generation trading are allocated among the participants with the help of Shapley value method, and the profit increment and replacement price of the participating units are determined according to the contribution rate of energy saving. In order to minimize the cost, the dynamic optimization model of the electric coal supply and transportation path and the joint optimization model of the regional electric coal transport network are constructed respectively, and the difference of energy consumption of the coal transportation caused by the change of the coal demand for electricity generation is analyzed.
With regard to the problem of energy saving and Optimization on the power grid side, the energy consumption increment and the corresponding sharing mechanism brought by the power transmission congestion management of the power grid are studied. On the basis of the optimal power flow theory of the power transmission congestion management, the distribution factor of the output power transfer of the generator is introduced. The energy saving optimization model of transmission congestion management with load reduction is considered, and the matching method based on the equivalent pair combined coal consumption equivalent is used to solve the problem. The example results show that the model and the method can effectively reduce the cost of the coal consumption increment of the transmission congestion by the other blocking management methods. Then the blocking coal consumption increment is based on the Aumann-Shapley value method. The congestion path is apportioned, and the transmission guidance price design model based on the marginal value of coal energy is constructed to provide reference for the expansion and development of the transmission line, and to guide the user to use the electricity structure and the direction of the power investment.
In the aspect of energy saving and optimization of the user side, the operation strategy optimization model of the distributed generation system with adjustable output is constructed with the distributed generation system of natural gas combined cycle as an example, and the influence of peak regulation and the net electricity price on the distributed generation operation strategy is analyzed. Then, the energy consumption analysis based on the distributed generation power generation is introduced. The concept of the outage threshold price of interruptible load is introduced, and a joint energy saving optimization model, which takes the participation of distributed generation and interruptible load on the side of the user side, is constructed, and the joint energy saving optimization of each link is studied. The influence of different proportion and different power generation structure on the optimization of power generation efficiency is analyzed.
In the internal operation mechanism of the comprehensive energy conservation of the industrial chain, the paper takes the change of the electricity price of the user as an example, and constructs a dynamic model of the comprehensive energy saving system of the power industry chain based on the linkage mechanism of electricity price, and describes the response operation mechanism of the power generation link, the transmission and distribution link and the supply and use link through the causality diagram and the flow chart. With the help of Vensim software, the comprehensive energy saving response transmission mechanism of power generation side and the user side in the electric power industry chain and the response mechanism of the power grid transmission congestion energy saving are simulated. The factors such as the proportion of revenue sharing, the price elasticity of coal demand and the adjustment time of the power network electricity price are the synthesis of the power industry chain by the sensitive factors. The results show that the demand side response effect will lead the power industry chain to achieve comprehensive energy conservation. However, the response effect of the demand response will decrease with the time of the power industry chain. Therefore, the long-term adjustment mechanism of demand side management based on the sale price is needed.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.61;F726;F224

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