功率实时匹配光伏充电系统的研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 02:00

本文选题：光伏电池 + 功率实时匹配　；参考：《浙江师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：太阳能作为一种新能源,因其资源潜力大、可持续利用等优点被各国竞相开发利用,但由于太阳能存在空间分布不均、间歇性大,因此其利用效率一直较低。独立光伏发电系统的电能存储过程中,光伏电池的发电功率与蓄电池的吸收功率不能完全实时匹配,损失大量能量。因此,设计一种能实时采集光伏电池阵列输出功率的最大值,且能让蓄电池以最大限度存储电能的系统,对提高光伏发电系统的利用效率有深远的意义。针对光伏发电系统中充电功率不匹配的问题,深入研究了光伏电池的负载模型、工作原理、输出特性与影响因素和蓄电池充放电基本原理与电路模型,提出了一种功率实时匹配光伏充电方法。该方法采用MPPT控制电路模块追踪光伏电池阵列功率的最大值和利用设计的功率实时匹配调控电路使蓄电池以最佳吸收功率存储电能,能有效的提高光伏发电系统的充电效率,降低光伏发电利用成本,对光伏发电领域的研究提供一种具有借鉴意义的方法。首先,论述了功率实时匹配光伏充电系统的可行性,运用MPPT追踪光伏电池阵列发出功率的最大值,采用直流功率变压调节具体实现功率实时匹配充电的方案。然后,以STM8S003F3P6单片机为控制系统核心,完成光伏电池阵列发出功率最大值追踪系统的设计。最后,利用直流功率变压调节原理建立功率实时匹配充电电路模型,完成功率实时匹配光伏充电系统的制作,并对整个系统进行实验调试与功率实时匹配充电测试实验。实验结果及结论：(1)功率实时匹配光伏充电系统不仅能在太阳光比较充足环境下实现充电效率的提高,而且在太阳光照比较弱的情况下,也能实现较高的能量收集。(2)蓄电池高频充电时表现出来的感性对光伏充电系统的设计有一定的影响,考虑蓄电池的高频感性,能优化光伏充电系统的性能。(3)纯电阻元件作为光伏电池的负载和有容抗或者感抗元件作为光伏电池的负载在相同条件下比较,偏容抗性或者偏感抗性的负载对光伏电池的发出功率的吸收采集效率较高。(4)在一定的充电电压范围内(44V-52V),功率实时匹配光伏充电效率比同一系统的MPPT光伏充电系统效率能提高10%左右。
[Abstract]:Solar energy, as a new energy source, has been exploited and utilized by many countries because of its great potential and sustainable utilization. However, because of its uneven spatial distribution and large intermittency, the utilization efficiency of solar energy has been low. In the process of energy storage in independent photovoltaic power generation system, the generation power of photovoltaic cell and the absorption power of battery can not be matched in real time, and a large amount of energy is lost. Therefore, it is of great significance to design a system that can collect the maximum output power of photovoltaic cell array in real time, and can store the electric energy to the maximum extent by the battery, which is of great significance to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation system. Aiming at the problem of charging power mismatch in photovoltaic power generation system, the load model, working principle, output characteristics and influencing factors of photovoltaic cell, the basic principle and circuit model of battery charge and discharge are deeply studied. A real-time power matching photovoltaic charging method is proposed. In this method, the MPPT control circuit module is used to track the maximum power of the photovoltaic cell array and the designed power real-time matching control circuit is used to make the battery store the electric energy with the best absorption power, which can effectively improve the charging efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system. Reducing the cost of photovoltaic power generation provides a useful method for the research of photovoltaic power generation field. Firstly, the feasibility of the power real-time matched photovoltaic charging system is discussed. MPPT is used to track the maximum output power of the photovoltaic cell array, and the DC power transformer is adopted to realize the power real-time matching charging scheme. Then, the maximum power tracking system of photovoltaic cell array is designed with STM8S003F3P6 single chip microcomputer as the core of the control system. Finally, the power real-time matching charging circuit model is established by using the principle of DC power variable voltage regulation, and the power real-time matched photovoltaic charging system is made, and the whole system is debugged and tested in real time power matching charging test. The experimental results and conclusions are as follows: (1) the real time matching photovoltaic charging system can not only improve the charging efficiency in the more abundant solar light environment, but also improve the charging efficiency in the case of weak solar illumination. It can also achieve higher energy collection. 2) the inductance of high frequency charging of battery has a certain influence on the design of photovoltaic charging system, considering the high frequency inductance of battery, It can optimize the performance of photovoltaic charging system.) the pure resistance element is used as the load of the photovoltaic cell and the capacitive or inductive element as the load of the photovoltaic cell under the same conditions. The absorption and acquisition efficiency of the output power of photovoltaic cell with partial tolerance or partial sensitivity resistance load is higher than that of MPPT photovoltaic charging system with a certain charging voltage range of 44V-52V, and the power matching photovoltaic charge efficiency in real time is higher than that of MPPT photovoltaic charging system with the same system. Efficiency can be increased by about 10%.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM615

【参考文献】