电动汽车动力电池电磁兼容特性分析及模型研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 16:54

本文选题：电动汽车 + 动力电池　；参考：《重庆大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近几十年来国内汽车产业有了很大的发展，，但是汽车电磁兼容性的研究依然滞后。尤其是近些年来国内环境污染问题突出，电动汽车作为缓解环境问题的有效途径亟需在技术上有更大突破。针对目前国内汽车电磁兼容的研究现状，本文对电动汽车主要电磁干扰耦合节点—动力电池的电磁兼容性进行研究。本文从电动汽车高压动力电池的电磁兼容特性出发，重点对动力电池的全频交流阻抗特性进行建模仿真研究，并实现了其在整车电磁兼容模型中的应用。本文的主要研究工作包括以下几个方面： 1)分析了电动汽车以DC/DC、DC/AC和驱动电机为干扰源，高压动力电池为干扰耦合路径对其它系统的干扰影响。主要分析了DC/DC变换器和DC/AC逆变器中高压开关型器件高速通断过程中产生脉冲电流，该电流通过动力电池以及电缆线传导进入各个控制器以及其它低压系统，从而产生电磁干扰。分析了动力电池作为干扰传播路径对整车电磁兼容性的影响。 2)分析了传导EMI影响下的电池阻抗特性。分频段分析了传导电磁干扰对电池阻抗的影响。通过分析发现频率很低时主要是电池内部电解液中离子的扩散效应影响电池阻抗，随着频率的升高扩散效应的影响逐渐减弱而电极极化效应对电池阻抗特性的影响逐渐增强，当EMI的频率达到千赫兹级以上时则主要通过集肤效应影响电池阻抗。 3)研究了电动汽车工作环境对动力电池特性的影响。主要分析了电动汽车在正常工况下运行时温度对电池阻抗特性的影响，电池荷电状态对电池阻抗特性的影响以及电池老化对电池阻抗特性的影响。 4)针对传导干扰，研究了动力电池的高频模型。基于频域分析法建立了动力电池单体及串并联电池组的高频数学模型；基于时域分析法建立了单体及电池组的高频电路模型；以及基于矢量匹配法建立了电池高频电路模型。最后对不同模型进行了对比分析。 5)讨论了动力电池阻抗模型在整车电磁兼容仿真中的应用。介绍了高压系统干扰源的提取方法，建立了动力电池耦合干扰的等效模型并将提取的干扰源应用于耦合干扰模型，在Saber仿真软件中进行了仿真。并分别对仿真波形在时域和频域进行了分析。
[Abstract]:In recent decades, there has been great development in domestic automobile industry, but the research of electromagnetic compatibility of automobile is still lagging behind. Especially in recent years, the problem of domestic environmental pollution is prominent, electric vehicles as an effective way to alleviate environmental problems need to have a greater technical breakthrough. In view of the current research status of EMC in domestic vehicles, this paper studies the EMC of the main EMI coupling node-power battery. Based on the EMC characteristics of high voltage power battery of electric vehicle, this paper focuses on the modeling and simulation of the full frequency AC impedance characteristics of the power battery, and realizes its application in the electromagnetic compatibility model of the whole vehicle. The main research work of this paper includes the following aspects: 1) the interference effects of DC / DC / DC / AC and drive motor as interference source and high voltage power battery as interference coupling path on other systems are analyzed. The pulse current generated by high voltage switching devices in DC/DC converters and DC/AC inverters is analyzed in this paper. The current is transmitted to various controllers and other low voltage systems through power batteries and cable lines, which results in electromagnetic interference (EMI). The influence of power battery as the path of interference propagation on the electromagnetic compatibility of the whole vehicle is analyzed. 2) the impedance characteristics of the battery under the influence of conducting EMI are analyzed. The influence of conductive electromagnetic interference (EMI) on the impedance of the battery is analyzed in different frequency bands. It is found that the diffusion effect of ions in the electrolyte affects the impedance of the battery when the frequency is very low, and the effect of the diffusion effect weakens gradually with the increase of the frequency, and the effect of the polarization effect on the impedance characteristic of the battery increases gradually. When the frequency of EMI reaches KHz level, the cell impedance is mainly affected by skin effect. 3) the influence of the working environment of electric vehicle on the characteristics of power battery is studied. The influence of temperature on the impedance characteristics of the battery under normal operating conditions, the effect of the charging state of the battery on the impedance characteristics of the battery and the influence of the aging of the battery on the impedance characteristics of the battery are mainly analyzed. 4) the high frequency model of power battery is studied for conducting interference. Based on frequency domain analysis, the high frequency mathematical model of power cell and series and parallel battery pack is established; the high frequency circuit model of single cell and battery pack is established based on time domain analysis method; and the high frequency circuit model of power cell is established based on vector matching method. Finally, the different models are compared and analyzed. 5) the application of power battery impedance model in EMC simulation of whole vehicle is discussed. This paper introduces the extraction method of interference source in high voltage system, establishes the equivalent model of the coupling interference of power battery, applies the extracted interference source to the coupled interference model, and simulates it in Saber simulation software. The simulation waveforms are analyzed in time domain and frequency domain respectively.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U469.72;TM912

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