果蝇优化算法在配电网规划中的应用

发布时间：2018-05-20 18:59

本文选题：果蝇优化算法 + 配电网　；参考：《华北电力大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：配电网规划是电力系统规划的重要组成,合理的规划方案不仅可以带来社会效益,还会给电力系统和用户带来客观的经济效益。配电网规划本质上可归结为一系列数学优化问题,因此合理的问题建模和高效的优化算法直接影响着配电网规划方案的质量。本文首先对果蝇优化算法进行了研究与分析,针对其容易出现早熟和迭代后期收敛速度慢的缺点,提出了相应的改进措施,形成新的果蝇优化算法。第一,对算法中等的步长搜索进行了改进,设计了自适应步长改变算法,使其随迭代次数增加改变步长,通过函数测试发现,改进的果蝇优化算法在迭代早期能够扩大搜索范围,而在迭代后期随着步长的减小更利于发现最优解；第二,为了防止早熟,引入了类似于遗传算法的变异操作,通过使果蝇个体“逃逸”来跳出局部最优解,在一定程度上防止了早熟现象的出现。在将改进果蝇优化算法应用到配电网规划过程中发现,传统的配电网规划模型都忽略了配电变电站出线数量有限的客观实际,将配电变电站位置确定和配电网络形成分开考虑。针对此情况,本文提出一种基于负荷分区的配电网规划模型,首先根据网络负荷总量确定合理的出线条数,并采用K-means聚类算法对网络负荷进行区域划分。然后应用改进果蝇优化算法求解配电变电站的位置,在迭代过程中分两步评价果蝇个体：(1)根据配电变电站的位置为每个分区设置一个源负荷,基于“先主干后支线”的原则以源负荷为起始点建立分区内负荷间的网络连接；(2)将分区内网络负荷总量叠加于源负荷,建立配电变电站与源负荷间的放射连接。此外,为了更贴近实际情况,本文将地理因素引入规划模型,通过惩罚因子与奖励因子来影响规划方案的投资成本。为了验证本文提出模型和优化算法的有效性,以AutoCAD为基础应用ObjectARX二次开发技术,设计并实现了一个简单的配电网规划系统。采用图元信息一体化模式,使AutoCAD中的点、线等图元兼具几何与电气设备信息,系统主要包括负荷信息管理、特殊区域管理、规划过程管理、规划方案管理和基础数据管理等模块。系统操作简单,规划人员只需掌握AutoCD使用方法即可完成规划过程,具有很强的实用性。
[Abstract]:Distribution network planning is an important component of power system planning. Reasonable planning scheme can not only bring social benefits, but also bring objective economic benefits to power system and users. Distribution network planning is essentially a series of mathematical optimization problems, so reasonable problem modeling and efficient optimization algorithm directly affect the quality of distribution network planning. In this paper, the optimization algorithm of Drosophila is studied and analyzed. Aiming at the disadvantages of premature convergence and slow convergence rate in late iteration, the corresponding improvement measures are put forward to form a new optimization algorithm for Drosophila. First, the middle step size search algorithm is improved, and an adaptive step size change algorithm is designed to change the step size with the increase of iteration times. The improved Drosophila optimization algorithm can enlarge the search range at the early stage of iteration, but at the later stage of iteration, it is more advantageous to find the optimal solution with the decrease of step size. Secondly, in order to prevent precocity, a mutation operation similar to genetic algorithm is introduced. By making individual Drosophila escape from the local optimal solution, the phenomenon of precocious puberty can be prevented to a certain extent. In the application of improved Drosophila optimization algorithm to distribution network planning, it is found that the traditional distribution network planning model ignores the objective reality of the limited number of distribution substation output lines, and considers the location determination of distribution substation and the formation of distribution network separately. In this paper, a distribution network planning model based on load partition is proposed. Firstly, the reasonable number of lines is determined according to the total load of the network, and the K-means clustering algorithm is used to partition the network load. Then the improved Drosophila optimization algorithm is used to solve the position of distribution substation. In the iterative process, the individual Drosophila is evaluated in two steps: (1) according to the location of the distribution substation, a source load is set for each district. Based on the principle of "main trunk first and then branch line", the network connection between the load within the district is established by taking the source load as the starting point. (2) the total network load in the area is superimposed on the source load, and the radiation connection between the distribution substation and the source load is established. In addition, in order to get closer to the actual situation, this paper introduces the geographical factors into the planning model, and influences the investment cost of the planning scheme by the penalty factor and the reward factor. In order to verify the validity of the proposed model and optimization algorithm, a simple distribution network planning system is designed and implemented based on ObjectARX secondary development technology based on AutoCAD. By adopting the integration mode of graphic element and information, the points and lines in AutoCAD have the information of both geometry and electrical equipment. The system mainly includes load information management, special area management, planning process management, etc. Planning program management and basic data management module. The system is simple to operate, and the planner only needs to master the AutoCD method to complete the planning process, which has strong practicability.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM715

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