分布式绕组开关磁阻电机的研究

发布时间：2018-05-23 16:37

本文选题：开关磁阻电机 + 分布式绕组　；参考：《北京交通大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：我国大多数油田为低渗透的低能、低产油田,需要靠人工举升方法把石油从井下提出到地面上,潜油泵作为其中一种人工举升方法广泛应用于油田。目前,潜油泵电机主要有异步电机和永磁同步电机,前者低速运行转矩性能差,后者需要永磁体存在高温退磁现象。开关磁阻电机(Switched Reluctance Motor,简称SRM)调速系统是一种先进的机电一体化装置,不需要永磁体,启动转矩大,可靠性高,适合于井下潜油泵应用。但是,传统三相SRM调速系统需要6根电缆连接功率变换器和电机绕组,电缆根数较多、成本较高,限制了其井下潜油泵应用。本文提出新型的分布式绕组开关磁阻电机,功率变换器到电机绕组两端仅需要3根电缆,很大程度上节约了驱动系统成本。论文系统研究了该新电机的基本结构、运行原理、数学建模以及控制策略等问题。最后,加工制作了试验样机,并进行了试验分析和验证。论文主要研究内容及成果包括以下几个方面： 1、提出新型的分布式绕组开关磁阻电机,论述了新型电机的工作原理,以及在标准桥式功率变换器驱动下的控制策略。 2、对该电机进行有限元分析,分别对其磁场分布、磁通密度、自感、互感以及输出转矩等电磁特性进行计算,并和传统型SRM对比。 3、提出新型电机磁网络模型,推导其线性和非线性静态模型,线性模型用于快速分析该分布式绕组SRM的特性,非线性模型用于精确计算电机电磁特性,并将非线性模型计算的结果和有限元法对比,验证提出的非线性数学模型的有效性。 4、应用状态空间法,建立新型SRM的动态仿真模型。通过新型SRM驱动系统的场路耦合联合仿真,验证提出的新电机状态空间模型的正确、有效,并对比分析了传统SRM和新型SRM的输出转矩以及转矩脉动等特性。所建立的动态模型,可用于动态仿真,比场路耦合联合仿真节约大量时间。 5、对传统SRM的光电编码器进行改进,提出新型SRM的转子位置检测装置,制作新型SRM的试验样机,构建以TMS320F2812为控制芯片的驱动控制系统。 6、实验测量该新型SRM的静态特性,并对新电机驱动系统进行了电流斩波控制、角度位置控制以及动态性能等试验,以验证该新型SRM的基本原理和控制策略,以及数学模型,为该新型电机实用化提供理论和试验基础。
[Abstract]:Most oilfields in China are low-permeability low-energy and low-yield oilfields. It is necessary to raise oil from downhole to the surface by manual lifting method. Submersible oil pump is widely used in oil fields as one of the artificial lifting methods. At present, the submersible pump motor mainly includes asynchronous motor and permanent magnet synchronous motor, the former has poor performance of low speed running torque, and the latter needs permanent magnet to have high temperature demagnetization phenomenon. Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) speed control system is an advanced electromechanical integration device, which does not need permanent magnet, has high starting torque and high reliability, and is suitable for application of downhole submersible pump. However, the traditional three-phase SRM speed regulation system needs 6 cables to connect power converter and motor winding, which limits the application of underground submersible pump because of more cable roots and higher cost. In this paper, a novel distributed winding switched reluctance motor (SRM) is proposed, in which only three cables are needed from the power converter to the two ends of the motor winding, which greatly saves the cost of the drive system. The basic structure, operation principle, mathematical modeling and control strategy of the new motor are systematically studied in this paper. Finally, the experimental prototype is made, and the test analysis and verification are carried out. The main contents and achievements of the thesis include the following aspects: 1. A new type of distributed winding switched reluctance motor is proposed. The working principle of the new motor and the control strategy driven by the standard bridge power converter are discussed. 2. The magnetic field distribution, flux density, self-inductance, mutual inductance and output torque of the motor are calculated by finite element analysis, and compared with the traditional SRM. 3. A new motor magnetic network model is proposed and its linear and nonlinear static models are derived. The linear model is used to quickly analyze the characteristics of the distributed winding SRM, and the nonlinear model is used to accurately calculate the electromagnetic characteristics of the motor. The results of the nonlinear model are compared with the finite element method to verify the validity of the proposed nonlinear mathematical model. 4. The dynamic simulation model of the new SRM is established by using the state space method. The state space model of the new motor is proved to be correct and effective through the field-circuit coupling joint simulation of the new SRM drive system. The output torque and torque ripple of the traditional SRM and the new SRM are compared and analyzed. The established dynamic model can be used in dynamic simulation, which saves a lot of time compared with the field circuit coupling joint simulation. 5. The traditional photoelectric encoder of SRM is improved, and a new type of SRM rotor position detecting device is put forward. The experimental prototype of new type SRM is made, and the driving control system based on TMS320F2812 is constructed. 6. The static characteristics of the new SRM are measured experimentally, and the current chopping control, angle position control and dynamic performance of the new motor driving system are tested to verify the basic principle, control strategy and mathematical model of the new SRM. It provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the practical application of the new motor.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM301;TM352

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