适用于电动汽车充放电的分时电价研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 10:23

本文选题：电动汽车 + 分时电价　；参考：《华北电力大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在环境与能源问题日趋严重的背景下，电动汽车因其能耗低及零污染的优点正得到越来越多的关注。随着电动汽车行业和智能电网技术的快速发展，电动汽车与电网在受控状态下，可以实现能量、信息双向互动，由此形成了“车—电”互联即V2G。然而电动汽车因其自身充电行为由车主的选择而定，具有很大的随机性，如果没有合理的方法和政策来引导大规模电动汽车的随机充放电行为，电动汽车的接入会给电力系统的安全稳定运行带来许多问题。由于采用慢充电方式的电动汽车充放行为主要由电动汽车车主针对自身情况来决定，所以电网公司很难通过常规的调度手段来改变电动汽车车主的意愿和习惯，使其按照有利于电网稳定运行的时间段进行充放电。而分时电价机制统筹兼顾了电网公司和电动汽车车主双方的利益，充分发挥电价的宏观调控作用，可以使多数电动汽车车主自愿改变充放电时段。首先，本文基于离散吸引力模型，依据需求价格弹性的定义，推导出自弹性系数和互弹性系数的计算公式，并通过数学运算，将离散吸引力模型线性化，运用SPSS软件对参数进行估计，得到分时电价下的需求价格弹性矩阵。其次，，根据电动汽车对分时电价的响应程度将其划分成四类，利用需求价格弹性矩阵建立这四类电动汽车对分时电价的需求响应模型。最后，考虑电网公司和电动汽车车主双方的利益，运用基于遗传算法的多目标优化求解出一套最优分时电价方案，用电价手段来引导电动汽车的充放电行为。算例验证结果表明最优分时电价方案可以显著地减少车主花销，降低配电网的网络损耗，平滑负荷曲线。
[Abstract]:Under the background of increasingly serious environmental and energy problems, more and more attention has been paid to electric vehicles because of their advantages of low energy consumption and zero pollution. With the rapid development of electric vehicle industry and smart grid technology, under the controlled state, electric vehicle and power grid can realize two-way interaction of energy and information, thus forming the "vehicle-electricity" interconnection (V2G). However, the charging behavior of an electric vehicle is determined by its owner's choice, so it has a lot of randomness. If there is no reasonable method and policy to guide the random charging and discharging behavior of large-scale electric vehicle, The access of electric vehicles will bring many problems to the safe and stable operation of power system. Because the charging behavior of electric vehicles with slow charging mode is mainly determined by the owners of electric vehicles according to their own circumstances, it is difficult for power grid companies to change the wishes and habits of electric vehicle owners through conventional dispatching methods. Make it according to the stable operation of the power network in the period of charge and discharge. The time-sharing pricing mechanism takes into account the interests of both the power grid company and the owner of the electric vehicle, and gives full play to the macro-control role of the electricity price, which can make most electric vehicle owners voluntarily change the charging and discharging period. Firstly, based on the discrete attraction model and the definition of demand price elasticity, the formulas of elastic coefficient and mutual elasticity coefficient are derived, and the discrete attraction model is linearized by mathematical operation. The SPSS software is used to estimate the parameters and the demand price elasticity matrix under time-sharing price is obtained. Secondly, according to the response degree of electric vehicle to time-sharing price, it is divided into four categories, and the demand response model of these four kinds of electric vehicle to timeshare price is established by using demand price elasticity matrix. Finally, considering the interests of the power grid company and the owner of electric vehicle, a set of optimal time-sharing pricing scheme based on genetic algorithm is proposed to guide the charging and discharging behavior of electric vehicle. The simulation results show that the optimal time-sharing pricing scheme can significantly reduce the cost of vehicle owners reduce the network loss of distribution network and smooth the load curve.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U469.72;TM910.6

【参考文献】