核电二回路热力系统热经济学分析及优化

发布时间：2018-05-30 07:16

本文选题：核电二回路 + 结构理论　；参考：《哈尔滨工程大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：核能作为解决能源需求的重要突破口,近年来在我国得到了迅速的发展,如何安全高效地利用核资源已成为我们关注的重要话题。随着我国经济的快速发展,节能不经济的状况已经不适宜核电企业的生存及发展,热经济学分析在热力学分析的基础上,将经济因素考虑到对机组的性能评价及分析中,能够降低发电成本,提高机组运行的经济性,给企业及国家带来巨大的经济利益,对节约能源、改善环境也有显著作用。本文以1000MW核电二回路热力系统为研究对象,首先确定了额定工况下核电机_组的运行参数以及环境参数,利用Matlab软件及水和水蒸汽性质计算程序得到系统各状态点的焓熵值及比(?),基于热经济学结构理论建立了机组的生产结构模型,确定了各子系统的燃料-产品,对系统进行了(?)分析、(?)成本及热经济学成本的分析计算。计算结果表明蒸汽发生器是系统中不可逆损失最大的设备,汽轮机各级组的(?)损失所占系统总(?)损失的比例也较大,是系统中用能的薄弱环节,具有很好的节能潜力;不同设备的不可逆具有不同的成本,证明了(?)的不等价性;沿着热力循环进行的方向,各设备的燃料及产品的单位(?)成本逐渐增加,从高压加热器至低压加热器的产品单位(?)成本逐渐增大。应用LIFO模式建立改进后的热经济学生产结构模型,结合数学导数链式法则,对生产过程中及系统的终端产品成本形成过程进行了分析计算。计算结果与采用结构理论所得结果保持一致,且更加合理,所得发电成本为每度电$0.010,为核电机组终端产品的定价问题提供了重要的参考。应用遗传算法对系统进行优化分析,选取12个主要优化参数,将系统的单位热经济学成本作为优化的目标函数,系统的主要设备蒸汽发生器及汽轮机组在优化后总(?)损失降低了 1798kW,投资成本减少了$533744。这一分析结果对降低机组发电成本、提高机组经济性有一定的指导意义。优化后系统的单位热经济学成本值降低了 4.06%,系统设备投资成本减少了 0.38%,生产每度电的成本降低了 1.77%。对核电二回路热力系统进行热经济学分析及优化设计,为找到降低核电机组热经济成本的突破口,指出提高机组经济性的研究方向具有指导意义,同时也为二回路热力系统提供了一套完整的评价和优化平台,对系统的节能降耗与优化改造提供了科学依据及理论基础。
[Abstract]:Nuclear energy, as an important breakthrough to solve the energy demand, has been developed rapidly in China in recent years. How to use nuclear resources safely and efficiently has become an important topic we pay attention to. With the rapid development of economy in our country, energy saving is not suitable for the survival and development of nuclear power enterprises. Based on the thermodynamic analysis, the economic factors are taken into account in the performance evaluation and analysis of the units. It can reduce the cost of power generation, improve the economy of unit operation, bring huge economic benefits to enterprises and countries, and also play a significant role in saving energy and improving environment. In this paper, the second loop thermal system of 1000MW nuclear power plant is taken as the research object. First, the operating parameters and environmental parameters of the nuclear motor _ group under rated working conditions are determined. The enthalpy entropy and ratio of each state point of the system are obtained by using the Matlab software and the calculation program of water and steam properties. Based on the thermoeconomics structure theory, the production structure model of the unit is established, the fuel-product of each subsystem is determined, and the system is carried out. Analysis) Analysis and calculation of cost and thermoeconomics cost. The calculation results show that the steam generator is the equipment with the largest irreversible loss in the system. Total loss of system) The proportion of loss is also large, which is the weak link of energy use in the system, and has a good energy saving potential; the irreversibility of different equipment has different costs, which proves that there is a lot of energy consumption in the system. In the direction of the thermal cycle, the units of fuel and products of each equipment) Increasing costs, from high-pressure heaters to low-pressure heaters The cost is gradually increasing. The improved thermoeconomics production structure model is established by using LIFO model, and the process of terminal product cost formation in production process and system is analyzed and calculated in combination with the mathematical derivative chain rule. The calculated results are consistent with the results obtained from the structural theory and are more reasonable. The resulting generation cost is 0.010 per kilowatt, which provides an important reference for the pricing of terminal products of nuclear power units. Genetic algorithm is used to optimize the system. Twelve main optimization parameters are selected. The unit thermoeconomic cost of the system is taken as the objective function of the optimization. The steam generator and steam turbine unit are the main equipment of the system after optimization. Losses were reduced by 1798kW and investment costs by 533744. The result of this analysis has certain guiding significance to reduce the generating cost and improve the unit economy. After optimization, the unit thermoeconomic cost of the system is reduced by 4.06, the investment cost of system equipment is reduced by 0.38, and the cost of producing electricity per degree is reduced by 1.7775. The thermoeconomic analysis and optimization design of the secondary loop thermal power system of nuclear power plant are carried out. In order to find a breakthrough to reduce the thermal economic cost of nuclear power unit, it is pointed out that the research direction of improving the unit economy is of guiding significance. At the same time, it also provides a complete evaluation and optimization platform for the secondary loop thermodynamic system, and provides the scientific basis and theoretical basis for the energy saving and optimization transformation of the system.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM623

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