车载逆变电源的设计

发布时间：2018-06-01 08:18

本文选题：逆变电源 + 正弦脉宽调制　；参考：《电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：车载逆变电源是一款可以将汽车上的12V直流电源转换为220V/50Hz的交流电压的电源转换器。随着智能汽车的不断普及,车载逆变电源满足了汽车内电子产品的使用需求,所以它的市场需求也越来越大。但是作为一款汽车上使用的电源产品,它的安全性和小型化是我们该项目设计的难点和重点。本文旨在设计一款高效、安全的输入直流为13.5V,输出为220V/50Hz的车载逆变电源。该逆变电源的电路结构中,我们选择了DC-DC和DC-AC的俩级电路拓扑结构,第一级DC-DC电路我们采用了推挽正激电路,它将输入的直流小电压13.5V升压为直流高压360V左右。第二级DC-AC电路我们采用了全桥正激电路,它将输入的直流高压360V转换为220V/50Hz的交流电压。为了提高电源的高效性能,我们设计了一种新型的正弦脉宽调制波(SPWM)技术的生成。该方法的特点在于:在逆变电源中,相比于传统的模拟控制电路,我们采用了基于微处理器stm8s的数字化控制;在采样电路中,采样信号的采集端也由传统的DC-AC交流输出端改为现在的DC-DC直流输出端;采样信号除了采集电压信号之外,我们还对电流信号进行了采集和控制处理,进一步对SPWM波进行了补偿微调,提高了正弦波的波形质量;通过微处理器stm8s的软件编程,我们设计了一款算法简单的SPWM波,可直接发送不同占空比大小的方波,提高了控制的精确性和速度。为了提高电源的安全性能,我们通过软件和硬件方法设计了过压欠压保护电路、过温低温保护电路和过流保护电路等一系列保护电路,确保电路工作在安全范围和不会对人、车产生安全威胁。最后,我们对车载逆变电源样机的进行保护功能测试、输出特性测试和在不同负载和不同输入电压下的效率测试等,验证了其符合我们各项性能指标的要求,并且发现了该逆变电源的效率可以高达93.21%。
[Abstract]:The car-mounted inverter is a power converter that converts 12 V DC power on a car to the AC voltage of 220V/50Hz. With the popularity of intelligent vehicles, the on-board inverter power supply meets the needs of the use of automotive electronic products, so its market demand is also growing. However, as a power product used in automobiles, its safety and miniaturization is the key point of our project design. The purpose of this paper is to design an efficient and safe vehicle inverter with an input DC of 13.5V and an output of 220V/50Hz. In the circuit structure of the inverter, we choose the topology of DC-DC and DC-AC. In the first stage of DC-DC, we adopt push-pull forward circuit, which increases the input voltage from 13.5V to 360V. A full-bridge forward circuit is used in the second stage DC-AC circuit, which converts the input DC voltage from 360 V to the AC voltage of 220V/50Hz. In order to improve the efficiency of power supply, we design a new generation of sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) technology. The characteristic of this method is that compared with the traditional analog control circuit, the digital control based on microprocessor stm8s is used in the inverter power supply, and in the sampling circuit, The sampling signal is changed from the traditional DC-AC output to the current DC-DC DC output. In addition to the voltage signal, we also collect and control the current signal. Furthermore, the SPWM wave is compensated and fine-tuned to improve the waveform quality of sinusoidal wave. Through the software programming of microprocessor stm8s, we design a SPWM wave with simple algorithm, which can directly transmit square wave with different duty cycle. The accuracy and speed of the control are improved. In order to improve the safety performance of the power supply, we have designed a series of protection circuits, such as over-voltage and under-voltage protection circuit, over-temperature and low-temperature protection circuit and over-current protection circuit through software and hardware methods, to ensure that the circuit works in a safe range and does not affect people. The car poses a security threat. Finally, we test the protection function, the output characteristic and the efficiency under different load and input voltage of the prototype of the vehicle inverter power supply, and verify that it meets the requirements of our performance index. And found that the efficiency of the inverter can be as high as 93.21.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U463.63;TM464

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