电力市场环境下无功定价及无功优化模型研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 23:33

本文选题：电力市场 + 无功预测　；参考：《华北电力大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：电力市场环境中,无功服务已经被认定为最重要的服务之一。首先,电力系统的稳定性需要通过适量且分布合理的无功服务予以支持。其次,无功服务的优化配置利用可以进一步改善有功的合理分配和交易,以达到实现提升电力系统的效率的目的。再者,电力市场环境下用于降损的最直接手段就是调节无功分布,通过无功功率的合理分配,可以实现降低系统的电能损耗。从电力服务角度上看,无功支持可以改善电压波形,减少系统中出现的过电压对电网安全和设备绝缘寿命的影响。随着分布式新能源发电不断并入电网中运行,由于分布式能源分散性、随机性和间歇性的特点,出现了谐波污染、电压失稳及电压闪变等问题,从而导致电网的安全稳定面临新的考验,如何充分调配并发挥无功资源设备对电力系统稳定调节的作用显得十分重要,同时为实现电力系统中各供应商的经济利益和国家能源节约的整体效益,采用无功定价及无功优化措施实现激励供应商积极改善无功服务支持的目标,最终通过资源的整合调配和高效利用达到经济效益最优化。本文针对分布式能源不断并网运行的背景下,基于电力市场的特点对无功负荷预测、无功定价及无功优化模型问题展开了研究,并对无功优化后的效果进行了评价,具体研究内容包括以下几个方面： (1)在对负荷预测研究的基础上,综合分析各种预测方法,结合无功负荷的特点提出了一种时间序列与支持向量机组合无功预测模型,利用该模型对无功负荷进行预测,采用均方根相对误差RMSRE对预测效果进行评估,算例证明该组合模型精度高,对无功负荷预测有较强的适用性。 (2)充分考虑分布式能源接入电网后系统安全稳定问题,在无功定价经典模型的基础上,建立了基于电压稳定的无功定价新模型,通过计算仿真验证了新型模型具有合理引导消费和提升电力系统安全稳定的双重效果。新型模型具有非线性特点,建立新型改进算法求解(结合免疫算法的改进多中心-校正内点法),通过多种算法对比,该计算准确度高且速度快。 (3)本文建立了考虑分布式新能源发电机组组合的无功经济调度模型,利用该模型对电力系统无功经济调度优化计算,以IEEE-14节点为例,分析计算了在考虑或不考虑网络潮流约束及N-1故障集等多种情况下的发电机出力与无功优化结果,得到了满足电力系统安全约束且经济性明显的发电计划。 (4)文中最后对电网无功优化的效果进行了评价,综合分析了多种评价方法,结合无功服务的特点以及数据特点,构建了无功效果评价的指标体系,采用了基于自主决策视角和数据包络分析结合的方法对无功优化的效果进行了综合评价,计算结论表明无功优化后的效果是明显的。
[Abstract]:Reactive power service has been recognized as one of the most important services in electricity market environment. First of all, the stability of power system needs to be supported by moderate and reasonably distributed reactive power service. Secondly, the optimal allocation and utilization of reactive power service can further improve the rational distribution and transaction of active power, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the efficiency of power system. Furthermore, the most direct way to reduce the loss is to adjust the distribution of reactive power in the power market environment. Through the rational distribution of reactive power, the power loss of the system can be reduced. From the point of view of power service, reactive power support can improve voltage waveform and reduce the influence of overvoltage on power network safety and insulation life. As distributed new energy generation continues to run in the power grid, due to the characteristics of distributed energy dispersion, randomness and intermittence, harmonic pollution, voltage instability and voltage flicker occur. As a result, the safety and stability of the power network is facing a new test. It is very important how to fully deploy and play the role of reactive power resource equipment in the stable regulation of power system. At the same time, in order to realize the economic benefits of each supplier in power system and the overall benefit of national energy saving, reactive power pricing and reactive power optimization measures are adopted to achieve the goal of encouraging suppliers to actively improve reactive power service support. Finally, the optimization of economic benefits is achieved through the integration and allocation of resources and efficient utilization. In this paper, based on the characteristics of power market, reactive power load forecasting, reactive power pricing and reactive power optimization model are studied, and the effect of reactive power optimization is evaluated. The specific research contents include the following aspects: 1) based on the research of load forecasting, a combined reactive power forecasting model based on time series and support vector machine is put forward, which is used to forecast reactive power load by synthetically analyzing various forecasting methods and combining the characteristics of reactive power load. The root-mean-square relative error (RMSRE) is used to evaluate the prediction effect. An example shows that the combined model has high accuracy and is suitable for reactive load forecasting. 2) considering the security and stability of the system after the distributed energy is connected to the power network, a new reactive power pricing model based on voltage stability is established on the basis of the classical model of reactive power pricing. The simulation results show that the new model has the dual effects of reasonably guiding consumption and improving the safety and stability of power system. The new model has the characteristics of nonlinearity, and a new improved algorithm is established to solve the problem (the improved polycentre-corrector interior point method combined with the immune algorithm). Through the comparison of various algorithms, the calculation accuracy is high and the speed is fast. In this paper, a reactive power economic dispatching model considering the combination of distributed new energy generating sets is established. The model is used to optimize the reactive power economic dispatch of power system. The IEEE-14 node is taken as an example. The generator output and reactive power optimization results with or without considering network power flow constraints and N-1 fault sets are analyzed and calculated. A generation plan which meets the safety constraints of power system and is economical is obtained. Finally, the paper evaluates the effect of reactive power optimization in power network, and analyzes comprehensively various evaluation methods. Combining the characteristics of reactive power service and the characteristics of data, the index system of reactive power effect evaluation is constructed. Based on the independent decision angle and data envelopment analysis, the effect of reactive power optimization is evaluated synthetically. The results show that the effect of reactive power optimization is obvious.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.61;F224

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