高性能纤维状太阳能电池

发布时间：2018-06-03 17:02

本文选题：碳纳米管 + 石墨烯　；参考：《复旦大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：无论是传统的硅基太阳能电池还是新型有机太阳能电池,一般为平面结构,难以满足现代电子设备越来越集成化、微型化、轻量化的迫切发展需要,尤其是严重制约它们在便携式、可穿戴电子产品领域的应用。为了解决上述难题,近年来人们提出了构建纤维状太阳能电池的设想。与平面太阳能电池相比,直径在微米尺度的纤维状太阳能电池具有质量更轻、柔性更好、受光面更广、集成性更强等优势,特别是可以像化学纤维一样,通过低成本的纺织技术进行大规模应用。但目前纤维状太阳能电池均为脆性结构,而对于微米尺度的纤维状太阳能电池,难以承受使用过程中所产生的张力而可能被拉断,无法充分发挥纤维状结构的应用优势。因此,发展具有良好弹性的可拉伸纤维状太阳能电池,是解决上述应用瓶颈的必由之路。本学位论文以石墨烯和碳纳米管等碳纳米材料为电极,在提高纤维状太阳能电池光电转换效率的基础上,重点发展出可拉伸的染料敏化太阳能电池及其集成器件,在此基础上进一步探讨了纤维状太阳能电池的编织性能。主要内容概括如下：高光电转换效率的纤维状染料敏化太阳能电池。提高光电转换效率的关键是发展高性能的纤维电极材料,本学位论文首先通过湿法纺丝合成石墨烯纤维,然后通过电化学沉积铂纳米粒子制备具有优异电学和催化性能的复合纤维作为对电极,以阳极氧化法制备表面修饰二氧化钛纳米管阵列的钛丝作为工作电极,两根纤维电极缠绕而得到纤维状染料敏化太阳能电池。通过优化电极材料和结构,光电转换效率达到8.45%,并经第三方独立机构认证,是目前纤维状太阳能电池中国际上所报导的最高效率。进一步开展了系统的规律和机制研究,发现石墨烯与铂纳米粒子间存在较强的相互作用,电化学沉积过程中铂纳米粒子在石墨烯纤维表面均匀稳定分散,具有较高的比表面积,因此复合纤维电极显示较高的电催化性能,从而获得高效率的纤维状太阳能电池。弹性纤维状染料敏化太阳能电池。构建弹性纤维状太阳能电池的一个关键是发展可拉伸纤维电极,本学位论文发展了一种制备可拉伸纤维电极的普适性方法,即把具有高导电率的纳米薄膜材料如取向碳纳米管薄膜通过旋转平移法紧密地缠绕在弹性纤维基底上,在拉伸过程中取向碳纳米管结构保持不变,从而获得了弹性的导电纤维。这类纤维在拉伸100%后仍然保持较高的电导率。然后以取向碳纳米管弹性纤维作为对电极,以二氧化钛纳米管修饰的螺旋状钛丝作为工作电极,把弹性纤维对电极插入到螺旋状工作电极中即可得到弹性纤维状染料敏化太阳能电池,最高光电转换效率达到7.13%,并在拉伸30%后基本保持不变。弹性纤维状染料敏化太阳能电池的集成。对于纤维状太阳能电池,另一个重要挑战是如何把从产生的电能储存起来,从而满足不同时间和场合的需要。为了解决这个挑战,本学位论文在弹性纤维状染料敏化太阳能电池上进一步集成了弹性的超级电容器,从而发展出一类新型的弹性纤维状集成能源器件。首先,基于旋转平移法制备了高性能的弹性纤维状超级电容器,比容达到19.2法拉/克,并在拉伸75%的情况下保持稳定。然后,把超级电容器与太阳能电池以同轴结构的方式集成在同一根弹性纤维上,获得集成器件,能量转换和储存效率最高可以达到1.83%,而且在50次拉伸后保持良好的稳定性。纤维状太阳能电池织物。纤维状太阳能电池的一个独特优势在于可以通过低成本的纺织技术实现规模化应用,但这方面研究尚处于起步阶段。本学位论文进一步把高效率的纤维状染料敏化太阳能电池进行编织,得到的太阳能电池织物具有良好的柔性和弹性,并且保持较高的光电转换效率：织物的输出电流和电压可以通过纤维电池的并联和串联得到有效调控。总结来说,本学位论文以碳纳米纤维材料作为对电极,发展出弹性、高效率、可集成、可编织的纤维状染料敏化太阳能电池,比较系统地研究了在纤维状电极中碳纳米材料表面和界面对电荷分离与传输的影响规律,为纤维状太阳能电池的应用提供了理论和实验支持,也为可穿戴能源器件的发展提供了新的思路和方法。
[Abstract]:Both traditional silicon based solar cells and new organic solar cells are generally planar structures, which are difficult to meet the urgent development of modern electronic devices, which are increasingly integrated, miniaturized and lightweight, especially in the field of portable and wearable electronic products. Compared with flat solar cells, fiber like solar cells in diameter on the micron scale have the advantages of lighter quality, better flexibility, wider light surface and stronger integration, especially for large-scale applications through low cost textile technology, like chemical fibers. The fiber like solar cells are all brittle structures, and the fiber like solar cells of the micron scale are difficult to withstand the tension produced in the process of use and may be broken and can not give full play to the advantages of the fiber like structure. Therefore, the development of a stretchable fiber like solar cell with good elasticity is a solution to the above application. On the basis of improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of fiber like solar cells, the paper focuses on the development of extensible dye-sensitized solar cells and their integrated devices. On this basis, the braiding of fiber like solar cells is discussed on this basis. The main contents are as follows: fiber like dye sensitized solar cells with high photoelectric conversion efficiency. The key to improving the efficiency of photoelectric conversion is the development of high performance fiber electrode materials. First, the preparation of graphene fibers by wet spinning is the first part of this dissertation, and the electrodeposition of platinum nanoparticles has excellent electrical and catalytic properties. The composite fiber of chemical properties is used as the opposite electrode, and the titanium wire of the surface modified titanium dioxide nanotube array is prepared by anodic oxidation as the working electrode, and the fiber like dye sensitized solar cell is obtained by twining two fiber electrodes. By optimizing the electrode material and structure, the photoelectric conversion efficiency reaches 8.45% and is certified by the third party independent mechanism. It is the highest efficiency reported internationally in fiber like solar cells. The law and mechanism of the system have been further studied. It is found that there is a strong interaction between graphene and platinum nanoparticles. In the process of electrochemical deposition, the platinum nanoparticles are evenly dispersed on the surface of graphene fibers, and thus have a high specific surface area. The composite fiber electrode shows high electrocatalytic performance, thus obtaining high efficiency fiber like solar cells. Elastic fiber like dye sensitized solar cells. The key to the construction of elastic fiber like solar cells is the development of tensile fiber electrodes. This dissertation develops a universal method for the preparation of extensible fiber electrodes. The nano thin film materials with high conductivity, such as the orientated carbon nanotube film, are tightly wound on the elastic fiber substrate by the rotation translation method. During the stretching process, the structure of the orientated carbon nanotube remains unchanged, thus the elastic conductive fiber is obtained. The fibers still maintain a high conductivity after stretching 100%. The elastic fiber of the carbon nanotube is used as the electrode and the spiral titanium wire modified by the titanium dioxide nanotube is used as the working electrode. The elastic fiber dye sensitized solar cell can be obtained by inserting the elastic fiber into the spiral working electrode. The maximum photoelectric conversion efficiency reaches 7.13%, and the elasticity is basically kept unchanged after the stretch of 30%. The integration of fibrous dye-sensitized solar cells. Another important challenge for fiber like solar cells is how to store electrical energy from the generated energy to meet the needs of different times and occasions. In order to solve this challenge, this dissertation further integrates elasticity on elastic fiber dye sensitized solar cells. Supercapacitors, thus developing a new type of elastic fiber integrated energy devices. First, a high performance elastic fiber like supercapacitor is prepared based on the rotation translation method. The specific capacitance reaches 19.2 Fala / g and is stable under the tension of 75%. Then, the supercapacitor and the solar cell are set in a coaxial structure. An integrated device is obtained on the same elastic fiber, with a maximum energy conversion and storage efficiency of 1.83% and good stability after 50 stretches. Fiber like solar cell fabric. A unique advantage of fiber like solar cells is that it can be applied in a large scale by low cost of textile technology. The study is still in the initial stage. This dissertation further weaves the high efficiency fiber like dye sensitized solar cells. The obtained solar cell fabric has good flexibility and elasticity, and maintains high photoelectric conversion efficiency: the output current and electrical pressure of the fabric can be connected and connected through the parallel and series of fiber batteries. In conclusion, this dissertation uses carbon nanofibers as a pair of electrodes to develop an elastic, efficient, integrated, woven, fiber like dye-sensitized solar cell. The influence of the surface and boundary of carbon nanomaterials on the charge separation and transmission in fibrous electrodes is systematically studied. The application of solar cells provides theoretical and experimental support, and provides new ideas and methods for the development of wearable energy devices.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM914.4

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