双馈异步风力发电机组电压骤变故障穿越技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 15:30

本文选题：双馈异步发电机 + 风电变流器　；参考：《浙江大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着风力发电在电网中所占比重的不断扩大以及并网准则的逐步完善,具有电压故障穿越能力的风电机组逐渐成为对风电场的必然要求。现代风电并网规范的核心要求可概括为,不仅要求风电机组能够适应各类电网对称及不对称故障,还要求其具备支持故障电网恢复的能力。从常见电网故障类型角度看,电网电压骤变(对称及不对称跌落、骤升)对并网风电机组的危害最为直接、普遍,影响也最为显著。目前,双馈型风电机组仍为风电的主流机型,由于采用了较小容量的励磁变流器,故对电网故障十分敏感且承受能力较差。因此,开展电网电压故障下双馈风电机组的运行特性研究,并提出相应控制对策,具有十分重要的理论研究和工程应用价值。在此背景下,本文以理论分析、仿真研究和实验验证为手段,深入、系统研究了该类风电机组在电网电压对称及不对称等常见故障下的行为特征,提出了与并网规范相适应的电网友好型风电系统的改进控制策略。论文的研究重点是：1)电网电压轻微对称跌落或骤升时DFIG机组的建模分析及改进控制策略,应用了一系列改进控制策略,其中包括“灭磁”控制理论,无功功率支持理论,非线性反推控制算法以及改变直流母线电压参考值的控制方法；2)电网电压不对称故障下DFIG机组的建模分析及改进控制策略,设计了一系列谐振控制器实现不同控制目标,其中采用的直接谐振技术无需对各电量进行正、负序分解,简化了控制结构的同时增强了系统参数的鲁棒性；3)电网电压严重故障时,采用软件控制手段结合转子侧Active Crowbar保护装置和变桨距技术,在保证机组安全应对电流和电压的瞬时冲击的前提下,可以提供一定的无功功率支持,符合现代风电并网规程的要求。最后,简单介绍了所用可编程电网故障模拟电源以及3kW双馈发电机组实验平台的硬件构成,并进行了上述部分控制算法的实验,给出了必要的实验结果,验证了文中所述控制策略的正确性和有效性,说明本论文所研究的改进控制策略可以有效增强DFIG系统的不间断运行能力,应对双馈风力发电机组的电压故障穿越问题具有一定的工程应用前景。
[Abstract]:With the expansion of wind power generation in the power grid and the gradual improvement of grid connection criteria wind turbines with the capacity of voltage fault traversing have gradually become the inevitable requirements for wind farms. The core requirements of modern wind power grid connection specification can be summarized as follows: not only can wind turbines be able to adapt to symmetric and asymmetric faults of various types of power grids, but also they should have the ability to support the restoration of fault networks. From the point of view of common power network fault types, the voltage sudden change (symmetrical and asymmetric drop, sudden rise) is the most direct, universal and significant impact on grid-connected wind turbines. At present, the doubly-fed wind turbine is still the mainstream type of wind power generation. Because of the use of small capacity excitation converter, it is very sensitive to power network faults and has poor bearing capacity. Therefore, it is very important to study the operation characteristics of doubly-fed wind turbines under voltage fault and put forward the corresponding control countermeasures, which has very important theoretical research and engineering application value. Under this background, by means of theoretical analysis, simulation and experimental verification, the behavior characteristics of this kind of wind turbine under common faults, such as voltage symmetry and asymmetry, are studied systematically. An improved control strategy for grid-friendly wind power system is proposed. The research emphasis of this paper is the modeling analysis and improved control strategy of DFIG unit in the case of slight symmetrical drop or sudden rise of power grid voltage. A series of improved control strategies are applied, including "degaussing" control theory, reactive power support theory, and so on. Nonlinear backstepping control algorithm and control method to change the reference value of DC bus voltage A) modeling analysis and improved control strategy of DFIG unit under voltage asymmetry fault in power network. A series of resonant controllers are designed to achieve different control objectives. The direct resonance technique does not need to decompose each quantity of electricity in a positive or negative sequence, which simplifies the control structure and enhances the robustness of the system parameters. Using software control method, combined with rotor side Active Crowbar protection device and variable pitch technology, can provide certain reactive power support under the premise of ensuring the safety of the unit to respond to the instantaneous impulse of current and voltage. In line with the requirements of modern wind power grid regulations. Finally, the hardware structure of the programmable power grid fault simulation power supply and the 3kW doubly-fed generator experimental platform is introduced, and the experiment of the control algorithm mentioned above is carried out, and the necessary experimental results are given. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are verified. It is shown that the improved control strategy studied in this paper can effectively enhance the uninterrupted operation capability of DFIG system. The voltage fault traversing problem of doubly-fed wind turbine has a certain engineering application prospect.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM315

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