支柱绝缘子缺陷检测装置的研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 09:34

本文选题：激振声学 + 缺陷检测　；参考：《东南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近几年来,我国电力工业发展迅速,发电机装机容量逐年增加。绝缘子作为输变电设备不可缺少的组成部分,与电力工业的发展密不可分。绝缘子是安装在不同电位的导体之间或导体与地电位构件之间,能够耐受电压和机械应力作用的器件。绝缘子不应该由于环境和电负荷条件发生变化导致的各种机电应力而失效,否则绝缘子发生故障甚至损坏,就会导致整条线路的故障。因此寻找一种方便快捷、安全高效、成本相对较低的绝缘子无损在线检测方法,是非常必要的,早在上世纪八十年代,激振声学检测法由俄罗斯科学家应用于电力系统瓷支柱绝缘子缺陷检测,声学检测技术作为一种简便、准确的检测方法不仅在电力系统绝缘设各检测上具有很好的应用前景,在工业生产的检测中也具有非常广泛的应用。本文的具体研究内容如下：首先介绍了绝缘子的类型、应用现状、以及造成绝缘子缺陷的原因,并对常见的绝缘子缺陷检测方法进行介绍,分析各种检测方法的优缺点,在此基础上提出了激振声学检测,并对其进行详细的介绍分析。在此基础上提出了本文主要研究内容。接下来介绍了基于激振声学检测的有关的理论基础,从简谐振动和傅里叶分解开始,介绍了振动的原理,并以单自由度振子为例,阐述了频率对物体刚度的影响：介绍了振动信号的采集和处理方法；引用文献中支柱绝缘子的模型仿真运算结果,为后续的检测对比提供了理论基础和判断方法。从整体设计方案开始,介绍了各个模块的设计原理及方案,包括供电模块、激振子驱动模块、信号接收模块、CPU相关的各部分功能电路设计,并对各个模块部分进行测试联调,确保设备能正常运行。对一个完整的铜柱建模仿真,得到前几阶振动模态,用检测设备对其进行检测,得到铜柱的频谱,将仿真结果和检测结果进行对比；再用钢柱进行人为破坏试验,再次仿真检测,对比切割前后的频谱,结合理论进行分析。最后到变电站对110kV母线支柱绝缘子进行实地检测,将检测结果批量导入电脑进行分析,得出检测判断标准；同时对某些特殊绝缘子的测试结果进行分析,为制定标准提供参考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the electric power industry of our country develops rapidly, the installed capacity of generator increases year by year. As an indispensable part of power transmission equipment, insulator is closely related to the development of electric power industry. Insulators are devices which are installed between conductors with different potentials or between conductors and ground potential members to withstand the action of voltage and mechanical stress. Insulators should not be invalidated due to various electromechanical stresses caused by changes in environment and electrical load conditions, otherwise the insulators may fail or even be damaged, which will lead to the fault of the whole line. Therefore, it is very necessary to find a convenient, safe, efficient and relatively low-cost method for nondestructive on-line testing of insulators, as early as the eighties of the last century. The method of acoustical detection of excited vibration is applied by Russian scientists to the defect detection of insulators on porcelain pillars of power system. As a simple and accurate method, acoustic detection technology has a good application prospect not only in the detection of insulation in power system, but also in the detection of insulators in power system. It is also widely used in the detection of industrial production. The specific research contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the types of insulators, the current application status and the causes of insulator defects are introduced, and the common methods of insulator defect detection are introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of various detection methods are analyzed. On this basis, the exciting acoustic detection is proposed and analyzed in detail. On this basis, the main research content of this paper is put forward. Then the theoretical basis of acoustic detection based on excited vibration is introduced. Starting with simple harmonic vibration and Fourier decomposition, the principle of vibration is introduced, and a single degree of freedom oscillator is taken as an example. The influence of frequency on the stiffness of object is expounded. The method of vibration signal acquisition and processing is introduced, and the simulation results of model of pillar insulator in literature are cited, which provides the theoretical basis and judgment method for the subsequent detection and comparison. Starting from the overall design scheme, the design principle and scheme of each module are introduced, including power supply module, exciton drive module, signal receiving module and CPU related functional circuit design, and each module part is tested and adjusted. Make sure the equipment works properly. For a complete copper column modeling and simulation, the first several vibration modes are obtained, and the frequency spectrum of the copper column is obtained by testing equipment. The simulation results are compared with the test results, and then the artificial failure test is carried out with the steel column. Again simulation detection, contrast the frequency spectrum before and after cutting, combined with the theory to analyze. Finally, the 110 kV busbar pole insulator is tested in the substation, and the test results are imported into the computer in batches for analysis, and the test results of some special insulators are analyzed, which provides a reference for the establishment of the standard.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM216

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