光伏组件自动除尘装置设计

发布时间：2018-06-17 22:18

本文选题：光伏组件 + 灰尘效应　；参考：《重庆理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：光伏组件是把太阳能转换为电能的装置，预期寿命20-25年。光电转化效率是其关键技术指标，多种因素导致电池片的转化效率随时间延续而降低，其中环境因素导致的效率下降要显著和严重多，尤其是灰尘效应。严重的灰尘覆盖除了降低效率外，还可能导致光伏组件烧毁而失去光电转化的功能。避免、减少或清除光伏组件表面的灰尘覆盖是非常必要和重要的工作。本文在分析了光伏组件的结构、灰尘覆盖的规律和灰尘颗粒本身物理化学性质的基础上，设计、制造和验证了一种外置机械式光伏组件自动除尘装置。该装置除尘无需水或清洁剂辅助，且具有智能、低耗、自清洁和无二次污染等优点。测试表明：该装置技术可行、设计合理、动作准确可靠，具有应用推广价值。首先，对光伏组件的结构、灰尘效应的一般规律，以及理想的除尘装置应该具有的基本技术特征进行了分析。根据光伏组件自动除尘装置的目标要求，确定了总体方案和工艺路线，为该装置的结构设计提供了依据。结合大量文献调研，借助Catia三维软件，自主设计了一套无液体辅助滚刷旋转式智能除尘装置。该装置包括动力源，传动机构、执行机构和控制部分。借助Adams仿真软件对凸轮机构和传动机构的运动特性和运动规律进行了分析，对运动机构的运动性能的进行验证和为后续的自动化控制提供优化依据。为提高关键零部件刚度、强度、稳定性、使用寿命和轻量化要求，以及补偿零件加工过程的缺陷，使用HyperWorks有限元分析软件对装置的关键性零部件进行有限元分析以及优化改进。根据机械装置动作和自动除尘系统控制要求，利用单片机对整个系统进行总系统设计和控制流程设计。包括动作控制部分，自动检测部分，远程接收指令部分和总系统框架，保证光伏组件自动除尘装置的运行稳定、可靠。最后，，对样机进行运行分析和除尘效果的测试对比分析，结果表明该样机运行平稳，除尘效果显著，具有积极的工程实践意义。
[Abstract]:Photovoltaic modules are devices that convert solar energy into electricity, with a life expectancy of 20-25 years. The photoelectric conversion efficiency is the key technical index. A variety of factors lead to the reduction of the conversion efficiency over time, among which the environmental factors lead to a significant and serious decline in efficiency, especially the dust effect. In addition to reducing efficiency, severe dust cover may cause photovoltaic modules to burn and lose the function of photovoltaic conversion. It is essential and important to avoid, reduce or remove dust cover on the surface of photovoltaic modules. Based on the analysis of the structure of photovoltaic module, the rule of dust coverage and the physical and chemical properties of dust particles, an external mechanical photovoltaic module automatic dedusting device is designed, manufactured and verified in this paper. The dedusting device does not require water or cleaning agent, and has the advantages of intelligence, low consumption, self cleaning and no secondary pollution. The test results show that the device is feasible in technology, reasonable in design, accurate and reliable in operation, and has application value. Firstly, the structure of photovoltaic module, the general rule of dust effect and the basic technical characteristics of ideal dust removal device are analyzed. According to the objective requirement of the photovoltaic module automatic dust removal device, the overall scheme and process route are determined, which provides the basis for the structure design of the device. With the aid of Catia 3D software, a set of intelligent dedusting device without liquid assisted rolling brush was designed in combination with a large number of literatures. The device comprises a power source, a transmission mechanism, an actuator and a control section. The kinematic characteristics and laws of cam mechanism and transmission mechanism are analyzed with Adams simulation software. The kinematic performance of the mechanism is verified and the optimization basis for subsequent automatic control is provided. In order to improve the stiffness, strength, stability, service life and lightweight requirement of the key parts, and to compensate for the defects of the machining process, the finite element analysis software HyperWorks is used to analyze and optimize the key parts of the device. According to the control requirements of mechanical device and automatic dust removal system, the total system design and control flow design of the whole system are carried out by using single chip microcomputer. The utility model includes an action control part, an automatic detection part, a remote receiving instruction part and a general system framework to ensure the operation stability and reliability of the photovoltaic module automatic dust removal device. Finally, the operation analysis and dust removal effect of the prototype are compared and analyzed. The results show that the prototype runs smoothly and the dust removal effect is remarkable, which is of active engineering significance.
【学位授予单位】：重庆理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM615

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