基于FPGA的无刷直流电机控制系统研究

发布时间：2018-06-26 00:06

  本文选题：无刷直流电机 + 模糊自整定PID　； 参考：《西安工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来无刷直流电机发展十分迅速,它既具备直流电机转矩大、运行效率高、动态性能好等优点,又兼顾交流电机结构简单、运行稳定的特质,因此在工业领域应用广泛。但随着航空航天等领域的技术发展,人们对无刷直流电机的控制精度和稳定性提出了更高的要求。传统的模拟控制电路体积大、集成度不高、易受环境等外界因素影响,常规PID控制方法参数固定不灵活、控制精度不高,因此亟需设计一种性能优异的无刷直流电机控制系统来满足日益增长的工业需求。 本文设计了一种无刷直流电机数字控制系统,控制芯片采用可编程逻辑门阵列FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array),利用FPGA强大的逻辑计算能力和集成度高、体积小的优点,可以实现复杂的智能控制理论,提高电机运行的准确性和稳定性。控制算法采用智能控制算法与常规PID相结合的参数自整定PID控制方法,控制参数自动随系统状态变化而改变,提高了无刷直流电机的实时控制能力,增强了电机的动态性能。此外,本文还采用了PWM_ON_PWM调制方式,即在每个开关管导通的过程中,采用前30。和后30。进行PWM调制、中间60°恒通的调制方式,减小了电机非导通相的反向续流,在一定程度上抑制了电机的转矩脉动,提高了电机转速的稳定性。 本文首先对无刷直流电机的结构原理进行了介绍,给出了无刷直流电机的数学模型,然后分析了模糊自整定PID控制算法的原理,给出了它的实现方法；接着介绍了无刷直流电机转矩脉动的产生原因,提出了PWM_ON_PWM的调制方式；运用Matlab/Simulink仿真软件对模糊自整定PID和PWM_ON_PWM的原理和实现方法进行了仿真验证。然后对基于FPGA无刷直流电机控制系统的软硬件组成进行了介绍,采用Altium Designer软件设计了系统外围硬件电路,运用Quartus Ⅱ设计编译了FPGA内部功能模块。最后在实验平台上对基于FPGA的无刷直流电机控制系统进行了验证,实验结果表明系统设计方法正确,电机运行良好,达到了设计目的。
[Abstract]:Brushless DC motor (BLDCM) has developed very rapidly in recent years. It has the advantages of large torque, high running efficiency and good dynamic performance. It also takes into account the characteristics of simple structure and stable operation of AC motor, so it is widely used in industrial field. However, with the development of aeronautics and spaceflight technology, the control precision and stability of brushless DC motor are required. The traditional analog control circuit is large in volume, low in integration and easy to be affected by external factors such as environment. The parameters of conventional pid control method are fixed and inflexible, and the control precision is not high. Therefore, it is urgent to design a brushless DC motor control system with excellent performance to meet the increasing industrial demand. In this paper, a digital control system for brushless DC motor is designed. The control chip uses FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array),) to realize complex intelligent control theory by using the powerful logic computing ability and the advantages of high integration and small volume. Improve the accuracy and stability of motor operation. The control algorithm adopts the pid control method which combines intelligent control algorithm and conventional pid. The control parameters change automatically with the change of the system state. The real-time control ability of brushless DC motor is improved and the dynamic performance of the motor is enhanced. In addition, this paper also adopts PWM _ S _ O _ N _ N _ PWM modulation mode, that is, in the process of switching on, the first 30. And Post 30. The PWM modulation and the middle 60 掳constant pass modulation can reduce the reverse continuation of the non-conduction phase of the motor, restrain the torque ripple of the motor to a certain extent, and improve the stability of the motor speed. In this paper, the structure principle of brushless DC motor is introduced, the mathematical model of brushless DC motor is given, then the principle of fuzzy self-tuning pid control algorithm is analyzed, and its realization method is given. Secondly, the reason of torque ripple of brushless DC motor is introduced, and the modulation mode of PWMS-ONPWM is put forward, and the principle and realization method of fuzzy self-tuning pid and PWMS-ONPWM are simulated by Matlab / Simulink simulation software. Then, the hardware and software components of the brushless DC motor control system based on FPGA are introduced. The peripheral hardware circuit of the system is designed by using Altium designer software, and the internal function module of FPGA is designed and compiled by using Quartus 鈪，

本文编号：2068136