电励磁同步电动机调速系统研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 14:45

本文选题：电励磁同步电动机 + 三电平逆变器　；参考：《中国矿业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着现代电力电子技术的成熟、微机控制技术与大规模集成电路的发展,电励磁同步电动机因其工作效率高、过载能力强和功率因数可调等优点在电力拖动领域内被广泛使用。本文以电励磁同步电动机作为研究对象,对基于气隙磁链定向的矢量控制系统、状态观测器等进行分析与研究。本文使用三电平NPC电压源型交-直-交变频器驱动电励磁同步电动机,对三电平逆变器的拓扑原理及实现方法进行研究,并对三电平逆变器输出的阶梯波电压进行重构。针对NPC电压源型三电平逆变器中点电位不平衡问题,分析其不平衡原因,给出一种基于改变正负小矢量作用时间从而实现中点电位平衡的控制方法。本文以坐标变换和矢量控制理论为依托,推导电励磁同步电动机在静止坐标系和旋转坐标系下的数学模型,分析和研究电励磁同步电动机气隙磁链定向的基本原理。采用典型I型系统和典型II型系统对基于气隙磁链定向的控制系统的转速闭环和磁链闭环分别进行传递函数推导与控制器参数设计,对解耦前和解耦后的MT轴定子电流环进行重点研究。并通过搭建仿真模型,对所设计的各个环节进行仿真验证和分析。磁链的准确获取是电动机矢量控制和速度观测的核心之一,本文结合现代控制理论相关知识与电励磁同步电动机数学模型给出状态磁链观测器,并对降阶磁链观测器和全阶磁链观测器进行研究,两者均是使用状态重构的方法对电动机磁链进行观测。将状态磁链观测器与模型参考自适应法相结合给出一种基于状态磁链观测器的模型参考自适应法,该方法以模型参考自适应原理为基础,以电动机自身参数作为参考模型并以状态观测器作为可调模型,从而实现电励磁同步电动机的转速辨识。最后基于实验室现有资源,搭建了基于三电平NPC电压源型交-直-交变频器的电励磁同步电动机调速系统实验平台,完成主电路器件的选型和程序的编写,并对相关理论进行实验验证。
[Abstract]:With the maturity of modern power electronics technology, the development of microcomputer control technology and large-scale integrated circuit, the electroexcitation synchronous motor is widely used in the field of electric drive because of its high efficiency, strong overload ability and adjustable power factor. In this paper, the vector control system and state observer based on air-gap flux linkage orientation are analyzed and studied based on electrically excited synchronous motor (EMSM). In this paper, the three-level NPC voltage-source AC-DC-AC inverter is used to drive the electrically excited synchronous motor. The topology principle and realization method of the three-level inverter are studied, and the step wave voltage output from the three-level inverter is reconstructed. Aiming at the problem of neutral point potential imbalance in NPC three-level inverter with voltage source, this paper analyzes the causes of the imbalance, and presents a control method based on changing the action time of positive and negative small vectors to realize neutral point potential balance. Based on the coordinate transformation and vector control theory, this paper analyzes and studies the basic principle of air-gap flux linkage orientation of electrically excited synchronous motor based on the mathematical model of electrically excited synchronous motor in static coordinate system and rotating coordinate system. The transfer function and the controller parameters of the control system based on the air-gap flux orientation are derived by the transfer function of the typical type I system and the typical type II system, respectively. The stator current loop of MT axis before and after decoupling is studied in detail. And through building simulation model, the design of each link simulation verification and analysis. The accurate acquisition of flux is one of the core of vector control and speed observation of motor. In this paper, a state flux observer is presented based on the relevant knowledge of modern control theory and mathematical model of electrically excited synchronous motor. The reduced-order flux observer and the full-order flux observer are studied. Both of them use the method of state reconstruction to observe the flux of motor. Combining the state flux observer with the model reference adaptive method, a model reference adaptive method based on the state flux observer is proposed, which is based on the model reference adaptive principle. The speed identification of electrically excited synchronous motor is realized by taking the parameters of the motor as the reference model and the state observer as the adjustable model. Finally, based on the existing resources of the laboratory, the experiment platform of the electro-excitation synchronous motor speed regulation system based on the three-level NPC voltage source AC-DC-AC converter is built, which completes the selection of the main circuit device and the programming of the program. The related theories are verified by experiments.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM341

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