基于DSP的两相混合式步进电机控制系统研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 12:03

本文选题：两相混合式步进电机 + SVPWM　；参考：《西安电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：基于电机的运动控制技术作为自动化领域的关键部分,在国民经济当中起着重要的作用。随着现代科学技术的进步,尤其是集成电路、电力电子器件、自动化控制理论等方面的进展,电机在其实际应用中已由过去简单地控制转动停止、以提供动力为目的应用,上升到对速度、加速度、位移和转矩等进行精确控制阶段,以便使被驱动的机械运动准确符合预想的要求。步进电机作为数字控制式的伺服电机,具有成本低、易操控、定位精度高、不具有累积误差等优点,已被广泛应用于数控装置、伺服系统、印刷和包装设备等工业自动化领域中。步进电机是一种将电脉冲信号转换为角位移或直线位移的机电一体化执行机构[1]。步进电机只接收脉冲控制信号,而用交直流电源直接供电,电机将无法正常工作,必须使用匹配的电机驱动器供给脉冲信号。因此步进电机与电机驱动器是一个不可分割的整体,驱动技术的不同,电机的工作性能有明显的高低之分。空间电压矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)是一种依据交流空间电压矢量切换来控制变流器的策略,由国外学者在20世纪80年代初针对交流电动机变频驱动而提出的,该方法满足圆形气隙磁场要求,以控制交流电机磁链空间矢量轨迹逼近圆形为调制目的。该方法可以减少电机的转矩脉动,改善电机的运行性能。步进电机转矩矢量控制技术能够提高电机输出转矩的稳定性和幅值,并且能够极大地提高电机的稳态性能和动态特性,是一种新兴的步进电机控制策略。依靠DSP技术,结合转矩矢量控制策略实现对两相混合式步进电机的控制是本课题的研究重点。本文以当前应用最广泛的两相混合式步进电机为研究对象,介绍了一种两相三桥臂逆变器驱动的空间电压矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)新型策略。从功率逆变器的拓扑结构出发,介绍了控制策略的工作原理以及参数的确定方法。在MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真环境下搭建了两相混合式步进电机的仿真模块,并根据SVPWM调制策略搭建了空间电压矢量脉宽调制方法的仿真模型。采用DSP作为主控单元,根据两相三桥臂SVPWM控制原理编写程序,并结合硬件电路,从而实现了两相三桥臂SVPWM控制。
[Abstract]:As a key part of automation field, motor-based motion control technology plays an important role in the national economy. With the progress of modern science and technology, especially in the aspects of integrated circuit, power electronic device, automation control theory and so on, the motor has been used in its practical application by simply controlling the rotation and stopping in order to provide power. Rise to the stage of accurate control of velocity, acceleration, displacement and torque, so that the driven mechanical motion meets the desired requirements accurately. As a digitally controlled servo motor, step motor has many advantages such as low cost, easy to control, high positioning accuracy and no accumulated error. It has been widely used in numerical control devices, servo systems, etc. In the field of industrial automation, such as printing and packaging equipment. Stepping motor is a kind of electromechanical executive mechanism which converts electrical pulse signal to angular displacement or linear displacement. The stepper motor only receives pulse control signal, but the AC / DC power supply directly, the motor will not work normally, must use the matching motor driver to supply the pulse signal. Therefore the stepper motor and the motor driver are an inseparable whole, the driving technology is different, the performance of the motor has obvious difference. Space Voltage Vector Pulse width Modulation (SVPWM) is a strategy to control the converter based on AC space voltage vector switching. It was proposed by foreign scholars in the early 1980s for AC motor frequency conversion drive. The method satisfies the requirement of circular air-gap magnetic field, and the purpose of modulation is to control the space vector locus of magnetic linkage of AC motor to approach the circle. This method can reduce the torque ripple of the motor and improve the performance of the motor. Stepping motor torque vector control technology can improve the stability and amplitude of the motor output torque, and greatly improve the steady and dynamic performance of the motor. It is a new step motor control strategy. Based on DSP technology and torque vector control strategy, the control of two-phase hybrid stepping motor is the focus of this paper. In this paper, a novel strategy of space voltage vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) driven by two-phase three-leg inverter is introduced, which is the most widely used two-phase hybrid stepping motor. Starting from the topology of the power inverter, the working principle of the control strategy and the method of determining the parameters are introduced. The simulation module of two-phase hybrid stepping motor is built in MATLAB / Simulink simulation environment, and the simulation model of space voltage vector pulse width modulation method is built according to SVPWM modulation strategy. DSP is used as the main control unit, according to the principle of two-phase three-arm SVPWM control, the program is written, and the hardware circuit is combined to realize the two-phase three-arm SVPWM control.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM383.6

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