超导直线同步驱动技术研究

发布时间：2018-07-01 19:31

本文选题：直线驱动 + 同步　；参考：《西南交通大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：直线驱动技术具有广泛的应用前景。目前,直线电机驱动系统面临的一个主要难题就是效率问题,主要归结于两个方面的原因,一是常规铜材料构成的线圈在大电流下产生的欧姆热损耗；二是常规(线圈)磁体产生电磁场的有效利用问题。而超导材料以及超导应用技术的研究和发展为解决此类问题带来了曙光。首先,超导材料的强载流能力(比铜导线高2-3个数量级以上)可以轻易产生常规磁体难以达到的高场强,从而大幅提高动子电枢受到的电磁推力,而且可以降低整套系统的体积和重量；其次,超导材料的零电阻特性又可以有效降低在大电流情况下的欧姆热损耗。因此,超导技术与直线电机技术的结合必将对直线驱动技术的研究和发展带来新的动力。论文首先对直流型和脉冲电流型这两种超导直线同步驱动系统的工作原理进行了理论分析。在对超导直线驱动系统工作原理的理论分析基础上,论文完成了直流型超导直线同步驱动系统的设计研究。利用PSIM、Quartus Ⅱ、Ansoft (Maxwell与Simplorer)等软件对电路部分、测控部分以及电枢的运动过程分别进行了功能仿真与分析,仿真结果表明设计结果符合预期,验证了系统设计的可行性。根据系统的设计结果,选择适当的各分系统所需的硬件组成,构建了由两级超导定子线圈构成的直流型低温超导直线驱动系统。通过实验数据以及实验数据与理论设计值之间的比较,说明了设计的正确性以及利用超导技术实现直线驱动技术的可行性。同时,论文对脉冲电流型超导直线驱动系统的各部分组成进行了分析与仿真计算,仿真结果表明脉冲型超导直线驱动系统的设计主要在于如何实现超导定子线圈的电流波形以及定子线圈与电枢之间的互感梯度这两个因素的最佳匹配关系,从而实现系统的最佳运行性能。系统运行参数的改变,可以实现不同的直线驱动功能。比如不同的触发位置,即可以实现不同步长的步进功能,又可以实现不同运行速度的直线加速功能。由于脉冲电流型超导直线驱动系统在工作过程中,超导定子线圈将承受短暂的脉冲大电流冲击,而且此电流值一般都会高于超导线圈的临界电流值。超导定子线圈在承受此类过电流脉冲冲击情况下是否仍能正常工作(不被损坏)关系到脉冲型超导直线驱动系统的安全可靠性。因此论文最后对超导线圈在过电流情况下的工作安全性能进行了研究。通过实验可以看出,高温超导带材绕制而成的超导线圈,虽然其临界电流小于实验中所需承受的脉冲电流峰值,但是超导线圈可以承受约为其临界电流6倍的脉冲电流冲击而不遭到损坏,并且在超过临界电流的脉冲电流冲击下其失超区域能够快速恢复至超导状态。高温超导线圈的过电流冲击能力体现了脉冲型高温超导直线驱动技术的可行性。
[Abstract]:Linear drive technology has a wide range of application prospects. At present, one of the main problems facing the linear motor drive system is the efficiency problem, which is mainly attributed to two reasons. One is the ohmic heat loss caused by the coils made of conventional copper materials at high current. The other is the efficient utilization of electromagnetic field produced by conventional magnets. The research and development of superconducting materials and superconducting application technology bring the dawn to solve these problems. First of all, the high current carrying capacity of superconducting materials (2-3 orders of magnitude higher than copper conductors) can easily produce high field strength that is difficult to achieve by conventional magnets, thus greatly increasing the electromagnetic thrust of the mover armature. Moreover, the volume and weight of the whole system can be reduced. Secondly, the zero resistance characteristic of the superconducting material can effectively reduce the ohmic heat loss under the condition of high current. Therefore, the combination of superconducting technology and linear motor technology will bring new power to the research and development of linear drive technology. In this paper, the working principle of two superconducting linear synchronous drive systems, DC type and pulse current mode, is analyzed theoretically. Based on the theoretical analysis of the working principle of the superconducting linear drive system, the design and research of the DC type superconducting linear synchronous drive system is completed in this paper. The functional simulation and analysis of the circuit part, the measurement and control part and the motion process of the armature are carried out by using the software PSIMI Quartus II / Ansoft (Maxwell and Simplorer). The simulation results show that the design results are in line with the expectation, and the feasibility of the system design is verified. According to the design results of the system, a DC type superconducting linear drive system composed of two stage superconducting stator coils is constructed by selecting the appropriate hardware components of each sub-system. The correctness of the design and the feasibility of using superconducting technology to realize linear drive are illustrated by comparing the experimental data and the theoretical design values. At the same time, the components of the pulse current type superconducting linear drive system are analyzed and simulated. The simulation results show that the design of the pulse superconducting linear drive system mainly lies in the realization of the current waveform of the superconducting stator coil and the optimal matching relationship between the two factors, namely, the mutual inductance gradient between the stator coil and the armature. In order to achieve the optimal performance of the system. With the change of system operating parameters, different linear driving functions can be realized. For example, different trigger positions can not only realize asynchronous long step function, but also realize linear acceleration function with different running speed. Because the pulse current type superconducting linear drive system works, the superconducting stator coil will withstand the short pulse high current shock, and this current value is generally higher than the critical current value of the superconducting coil. Whether the superconducting stator coil can still work properly (not damaged) under the condition of this kind of overcurrent pulse impulse is related to the safety and reliability of the pulse superconducting linear drive system. In the end, the safety performance of superconducting coil under overcurrent is studied. It can be seen from the experiment that the superconducting coil formed by high temperature superconducting tape is less than the peak value of the pulse current in the experiment, although the critical current is less than the peak value of the pulse current in the experiment. But the superconducting coil can withstand the impulse current shock of about 6 times its critical current without being damaged, and the superconducting region can be recovered to the superconducting state quickly under the impulse current over the critical current. The overcurrent impact capacity of HTS coils reflects the feasibility of pulsed HTS linear drive technology.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM359.4

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