染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极的优化设计

发布时间：2018-07-02 14:27

  本文选题：染料敏化太阳能电池 + 光阳极　； 参考：《沈阳建筑大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着能源危机的日趋严峻,太阳能作为一种清洁无污染、取之不尽、用之不竭的绿色能源而引起人们更多关注。有效利用太阳能的有效途径便是制作太阳能电池,将光能转换成电能。其中,染料敏化太阳能电池因其制备工艺简单、生产成本低等优点,吸引了国内外研究者的研究兴趣。因此作为染料敏化太阳能电池重要组成部分的TiO2薄膜电极已经引起科研工作者的广泛关注。但TiO2薄膜电极在制备过程中受影响的因素较多,在影响薄膜性能参数的因素间没有最优匹配以及对太阳能的利用率较低等问题。因此,本文为解决上述不足之处,主要在如下两个方面进行了研究。首先,针对TiO2薄膜电极在制备过程中受影响的因素较多,包括溶剂、成膜剂、表面活性剂及双层光阳极中各层含TiO2量的不同等因素,而在影响薄膜性能参数的因素间没有最优匹配的问题,在制备薄膜的过程中通过正交试验优化出了最佳工艺。然后通过紫外-可见光谱检测了各组薄膜的染料吸附量,并结合Ⅰ-Ⅴ曲线测试系统检测各组薄膜电池的光电转换效率。研究结果表明,通过正交实验获得了具有较高光电性能的电池,光电转换效率为6.55%,短路电流密度24.24mA/cm2,填充因子为34.56%。并确定了制备具有最高光电转换效率的TiO2薄膜电池,即以异丙醇为溶剂制备的具有双层光阳极薄膜的电池,其中,采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为成膜剂,十六烷基三甲基氯化铵为表面活性剂,且下层含P25的质量为上层含大颗粒TiO2质量的2倍。其次,针对TiO2带隙宽,只能吸收波长较短的紫外光,使得其有效利用太阳能的效率较低的问题,在制备TiO2的过程中,掺杂Mg、N、F,并通过正交试验优化出了最优工艺,即TiO2薄膜三元掺杂制备过程中所考虑的实验条件为：加入1.5%的Mg(NO3)2,按照n(F):n(Ti)=1:50的摩尔比在马弗炉中于500℃煅烧2h。然后通过X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM),紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)等手段对掺杂后的样品进行了分析和表征。研究结果表明：Mg-TiO2薄膜电极的吸收值最大达到1.833,比没有掺杂TiO2电极提高了0.15；在紫外和可见光范围内,F-N-TiO2对光的吸收边明显大于未掺杂的TiO2对光的吸收边,F-N-TiO2电极光吸收边的起始位置较TiO2红移约20nm。三元掺杂后的薄膜电池光电转换效率最大。三元掺杂的薄膜综合了Mg掺杂与N-F掺杂的优点。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly severe energy crisis solar energy as a clean pollution-free inexhaustible green energy has attracted more attention. The effective way to make effective use of solar energy is to make solar cells and convert light energy into electric energy. Among them, dye-sensitized solar cells attract the research interest of researchers at home and abroad because of its simple preparation process and low production cost. Therefore, as an important component of dye-sensitized solar cells, TiO2 thin-film electrode has attracted wide attention of researchers. However, there are many factors affecting the preparation of TiO2 thin film electrode, there is no optimal matching between the factors affecting the film performance parameters and the utilization rate of solar energy is low. Therefore, in order to solve the above deficiencies, this paper mainly in the following two aspects. First of all, there are many factors that affect the preparation of TiO2 thin film electrode, including solvent, film forming agent, surfactant and different factors of TIO _ 2 content in each layer of double-layer photoanode. However, there is no optimal matching between the factors that affect the performance parameters of the films, and the optimal process is optimized by orthogonal test during the preparation of the films. Then, the dye adsorption capacity of each group of thin films was measured by UV-Vis spectrum, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of each group of thin film cells was measured by using the I-V curve measurement system. The results show that the cell with high photoelectric performance is obtained by orthogonal experiment. The photoelectric conversion efficiency is 6.55, the short-circuit current density is 24.24 Ma / cm ~ 2, and the filling factor is 34.56. The TIO _ 2 thin film cell with the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency was prepared, that is, the cell with double-layer photoanode film prepared with isopropanol as solvent, in which polyvinylpyrrolidone was used as the film forming agent. Cetyltrimethylammonium chloride was used as surfactant, and the mass of P25 in the lower layer was 2 times of that in the upper layer containing large particle TiO2. Secondly, aiming at the problem that the band gap of TiO2 can only absorb the ultraviolet light with shorter wavelength, the efficiency of solar energy utilization is low. In the process of preparing TiO2, the MgN FU is doped, and the optimum process is optimized by orthogonal test. The experimental conditions are as follows: 1.5% mg (no _ 3) _ 2 is added, and the molar ratio of n (F): n (Ti) 1: 50 is calcined at 500 鈩，

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