风电与先进绝热压缩空气储能技术的系统集成与仿真研究

发布时间：2018-07-07 16:21

本文选题：先进绝热压缩空气储能 + 风力发电　；参考：《中国科学院研究生院(工程热物理研究所)》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：间歇性、波动性和非周期性是风能的重要特征,也是造成风力发电系统不稳定性的重要原因。随着风电行业的快速发展,风电“弃风”现象越来越严重。压缩空气储能技术被认为是解决风电“弃风”问题的重要技术途径之一。然而传统压缩空气储能技术需要使用化石燃料,会造成环境污染等问题,同时风电与压缩空气储能技术集成应用的相关研究还存在较大空白。因此,设计与研发绿色、高效、无污染的新型压缩空气(气体)储能系统,开展风电与压缩空气(气体)储能系统的集成应用研究,对于提高电网运行的安全稳定性和风电机组利用率,减少风电“弃风”,推进储能技术的发展具有重要意义。本文结合理论分析和仿真模拟的方法开展相关研究。首先,通过对压缩空气储能技术发展现状的研究分析,以先进绝热压缩空气储能(Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage,简称AA-CAES)系统作为本文主要研究对象。根据储能系统储气室部件的热力学特性,构建四种通用性储气室模型(定容绝热模型、定容等温模型、定压绝热模型、定压等温模型)。在得到四种储气室模型热力学特性的基础上,建立AA-CAES系统模型并对采用不同储气室模型时系统的热力学特性进行对比和分析,完成系统与核心部件、参数之间的关联性分析。在把握AA-CAES系统热力学特性的基础上,结合热力学分析和仿真模拟方法,以Matlab/Simulink为仿真模拟平台,建立了风模型、风电机模型和AA-CAES系统模型,并完成模型之间的集成耦合。构建了集成系统的能量转化和传递模型,对不同风况条件下集成系统内的能量转化和传递特性进行了分析和研究。研究结果显示,集成系统内主要涉及风能、机械能、电能、空气内能和热能的转化；影响集成系统整体效率的主要部件(过程)为风电机与AA-CAES系统储能阶段。在稳定风况下,低风速时风能转化为热能的比例较高,高风速时风能转化为空气内能的比例较高,且风速发生变化时,风能转化为热能和空气内能的变化趋势相反。此外,对波动风况下集成系统内的能量转化和传递特性研究发现,波动风况主要影响风电机部分的能量转化和与热能相关的能量转化过程,对空气内能的影响较小；从过程角度看,在AA-CAES系统储能阶段,压气机效率会影响储能阶段不同形式能量转化效率的变化趋势。为开发AA-CAES技术的应用潜力,本文开展了AA-CAES系统应用于分布式能源领域的研究工作。基于AA-CAES系统概念,研究提出了一种能够实现多种不同供能模式的分布式能源系统模型,给出了系统处于不同供能模式下的判定条件。此外,结合能量和(?)分析方法,研究了系统的供能特性和部件损失情况,同时对系统供能模式与系统主要参数(透平机械效率、压比、换热器效能等)之间的关联性进行了分析。研究结果显示,系统的供能(冷、热、电)量、供能效率与系统储热器中的热量分配情况直接相关；在不同供能模式下,各部件(?)损失占总(?)损失的比例有所不同。当系统处于不同的供能模式时,系统参数的变化对效率等参数的影响程度有所差异。从(?)角度来看,透平机械效率、换热器效能的升高均可以减少系统的(?)损失,提升系统的总(?)效率。最后,本文以二氧化碳为工作介质开展了新型储能系统的设计和优化研究。文中对以二氧化碳为介质的热电储能系统进行了热力学建模和分析工作,分别从循环角度和实际运行角度探讨了系统、循环、部件与参数之间的关联性；比较了循环角度和实际运行角度下热电储能系统热力学特性的差异性和关联性,为热电储能系统的优化提供了理论支持。此外,以朗肯循环和布雷顿循环为基础,研究提出了多种以二氧化碳为工作介质的新型储能系统。其中,以朗肯循环为基础的超(跨)临界C02储能系统可以风电弃风为储能阶段的能量来源,同时利用太阳能保证系统在释能阶段的能量输出；基于朗肯循环和电压缩制冷循环的集成型储能系统可以有效提高风电弃风利用率,同时该系统有应用于分布式供能领域的潜力；基于布雷顿循环的超(跨)临界C02储能系统利用储热技术避免了辅助供热,可以达到较高的系统效率。以C02为工作介质的新型储能系统为可再生能源的高效利用与储能技术的发展提供了新途径和新方案。
[Abstract]:Intermittent, undulation and non periodicity are the important characteristics of wind energy and also an important reason for the instability of wind power generation system. With the rapid development of wind power industry, the phenomenon of wind power "abandoning wind" is becoming more and more serious. Compressed air energy storage technology is considered as one of the important technical ways to solve wind power "abandoning the wind". Compressed air energy storage technology needs to use fossil fuels, which will cause environmental pollution and other problems. At the same time, there is a large gap in the related research on the integrated application of wind power and compressed air energy storage technology. Therefore, the design and development of a new type of compressed air (gas) energy storage system with green, high efficiency and no pollution is designed and developed, and the wind power and compressed air (gas) energy storage system is carried out. Integrated application research is of great significance for improving the safety and stability of the power grid and the utilization rate of wind power units, reducing wind power "abandoning the wind" and promoting the development of energy storage technology. This paper carries out related research with the method of theoretical analysis and Simulation simulation. First, the research and analysis of the present situation of the development of compressed air energy storage technology is carried out. The Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage (AA-CAES) system is used as the main research object in this paper. According to the thermodynamic characteristics of the gas storage chamber components of the energy storage system, four kinds of general gas storage model (fixed capacity adiabatic model, constant volume isothermal model, constant pressure adiabatic model, constant pressure model) are constructed. On the basis of the thermodynamic characteristics of the four gas storage chamber models, the AA-CAES system model is established and the thermodynamic properties of the system are compared and analyzed in the use of different gas storage chamber models. The correlation analysis between the system and the core components and the parameters is completed. On the basis of the thermodynamic characteristics of the AA-CAES system, the thermodynamic analysis is combined with the thermodynamic analysis. The simulation simulation method, taking the Matlab/Simulink as the simulation platform, established the wind model, the wind turbine model and the AA-CAES system model, and completed the integrated coupling between the models. The energy conversion and transfer model of the integrated system was constructed, and the energy conversion and transmission characteristics in the integrated system under different wind conditions were analyzed and studied. The results show that the integrated system mainly involves the transformation of wind energy, mechanical energy, electric energy, air internal energy and heat energy. The main components that affect the overall efficiency of the integrated system are the energy storage stage of the wind turbine and the AA-CAES system. In the stable wind condition, the ratio of wind energy to heat energy is higher when the low wind speed is stable, and the wind energy is converted into air when the wind speed is high. When the ratio of internal energy is high and the wind speed changes, the change trend of wind energy conversion into heat energy and air internal energy is opposite. In addition, the study of energy conversion and transfer characteristics in the integrated system under fluctuating wind shows that the fluctuating wind state mainly affects the energy conversion of the wind turbine part and the energy conversion process related to the heat energy, and the internal energy of the air. In the AA-CAES system storage stage, the compressor efficiency will affect the change trend of different forms of energy conversion efficiency in the energy storage phase from the point of view of the process. In order to develop the potential of AA-CAES technology, this paper has carried out the research work on the application of AA-CAES system to the field of distributed energy. Based on the concept of AA-CAES system, the research is put forward. A distributed energy system model can be realized in various different energy supply modes, and the conditions of the system under different energy supply modes are given. In addition, the energy supply and component loss of the system are studied by combining energy and (?) analysis methods. At the same time, the system energy supply mode and the main parameters of the system (turbine efficiency, pressure ratio, pressure ratio) are also given. The correlation between the efficiency of the heat exchanger and so on is analyzed. The results show that the system's energy supply (cold, heat, electricity), the energy supply efficiency is directly related to the heat distribution in the system heat exchanger; in different energy supply modes, the proportion of the loss to the total (?) loss is different. When the system is in different energy supply modes, the system is in a different mode. The effect of the change of parameters on the efficiency and other parameters is different. From the point of view, the mechanical efficiency of the turbine and the increase of the heat exchanger efficiency can reduce the loss of the system and improve the total (?) efficiency of the system. Finally, the design and optimization of a new energy storage system is carried out with carbon dioxide as the working medium. In this paper, two oxygen is used. The thermodynamic modeling and analysis work of the cogeneration energy storage system with carbon as the medium is carried out. The relationship between the system, circulation, components and parameters is discussed from the angle of circulation and actual operation, and the difference and correlation between the thermodynamic characteristics of the thermal energy storage system under the cycle angle and the actual operating angle are compared, which is a thermal energy storage system. In addition, based on the Rankine cycle and Brayton cycle, a variety of new energy storage systems with carbon dioxide as the working medium are proposed, in which the ultra (cross) critical C02 energy storage system based on the Rankine cycle can be the energy source of the wind energy discard at the energy storage stage, and the solar energy guarantee system is used at the same time. The integrated energy storage system based on the Rankine cycle and the electric compression refrigeration cycle can effectively improve the utilization of wind power, and the system has the potential to be applied to the distributed energy supply field. The super (cross) critical C02 energy storage system based on the Brayton cycle avoids the auxiliary heating by using the heat storage technology. In order to achieve higher system efficiency, a new energy storage system with C02 as the working medium provides a new way and a new scheme for the efficient utilization of renewable energy and the development of energy storage technology.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院(工程热物理研究所)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM614

【参考文献】