汽轮发电机组振动与噪声监测系统的研究

发布时间：2018-07-22 12:15

【摘要】：随着我国对电力需求量的增大,越来越多的大容量汽轮发电机组投入使用。汽轮发电机组作为大型旋转机械,振动是不可避免的。特别是近年来机组的单机容量越来越大,机组结构更加复杂,产生振动故障的因素也越来越多。在电厂运行过程中,汽轮发电机组运行状态的好坏直接关系到电厂运行的安全性和经济效益。因此,对汽轮发电机组振动在线监测与故障诊断是当前电厂的一个重要课题。本文经过现场调研提出一种新型的汽轮发电机组在线监测系统,该系统不仅仅只用振动参数作为机组故障监测的手段,通过引入机组噪声参数辅助机组故障诊断,在机组振动故障监测方面取得不错的效果。通过与电厂的产学研合作,以电厂2台600MW超临界汽轮发电机组为研究对象,研究开发了集振动参数和噪声参数于一体的汽轮发电机组在线监测系统。该系统由振动传感器、噪声传感器,DSP数据采集系统,上位机监测系统三大部分组成。传感器采用电涡流传感器、磁电式速度传感器和预极化传声器对信号进行采集；DSP数据采集系统采用TMS320LF2407作为核心处理芯片对信号进行采集、A/D转换以及与上位机的SCI通信：上位机采用LabVIEW软件平台编写机组故障在线监测系统；系统的SCI通信采用RS-485总线方式实现上、下位机的通信。通过机组故障在线监测界面可以观测机组各个部分轴振动、轴承座振动以及噪声的实时运行曲线,方便对机组运行状况进行掌握。监测系统中的报警功能和逻辑控制部分可以很及时的处理机组异常振动和噪声,从而保证机组安全、高效的运行。本文研制的汽轮机发电机组振动和噪声监测系统已成功的完成了工业性实验。实验表明该系统可以稳定高效的采集机组的振动和噪声数据,并能完成机组各测量点的数据存储、分析与诊断,达到了预期效果。可以直接应用于电厂超临界发电机组监测与故障诊断,对汽轮发电机组长期安全有效的运行具有重要作用。
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand for electric power in China, more and more large capacity turbine-generator units are put into use. As a large rotating machine, the vibration of turbogenerator is inevitable. Especially in recent years, the single unit capacity is increasing, the unit structure is more complex, and the factors of vibration fault are more and more. In the process of power plant operation, the operation condition of turbogenerator is directly related to the safety and economic benefit of power plant operation. Therefore, on-line monitoring and fault diagnosis of turbogenerator vibration is an important subject in power plant. In this paper, a new on-line monitoring system for turbine-generator sets is proposed through field investigation. The system not only uses vibration parameters as the means of unit fault monitoring, but also introduces noise parameters to assist unit fault diagnosis. Good results have been obtained in the vibration fault monitoring of the unit. An on-line monitoring system of turbogenerator set with vibration and noise parameters is developed by cooperating with the production, education and research of power plant and taking two 600 MW supercritical turbogenerator units as the research object. The system consists of three parts: vibration sensor, noise sensor and DSP data acquisition system. The sensor uses eddy current sensor, magnetoelectric speed sensor and prepolarization microphone to collect the signal. The DSP data acquisition system uses TMS320LF2407 as the core processing chip to collect the signal and the sci communication with the upper computer. The upper computer uses LabVIEW software platform to compile the on-line fault monitoring system of the unit. The sci communication of the system adopts RS-485 bus mode to realize the communication of the lower computer and the lower computer. Through the on-line monitoring interface of unit fault, the real-time operating curves of shaft vibration, bearing seat vibration and noise can be observed, which is convenient to master the operation condition of the unit. The alarm function and logic control in the monitoring system can deal with the abnormal vibration and noise of the unit in time so as to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the unit. The vibration and noise monitoring system of steam turbine generator set developed in this paper has successfully completed the industrial experiment. The experiments show that the system can collect vibration and noise data of the unit stably and efficiently, and can store, analyze and diagnose the data of each measuring point of the unit, and achieve the expected effect. It can be directly applied to the monitoring and fault diagnosis of supercritical generating units in power plants and plays an important role in the long-term safe and effective operation of turbogenerator sets.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM311;TP274

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