光伏微电网综合控制策略的研究

发布时间：2018-07-24 18:50

【摘要】：随着全球人口的增长和非可再生能源日益减少，目前世界上在能源供给方面有两个突出的问题：一个是对地广人稀的能源输送问题；一个是对可再生能源的利用问题。随着这些问题的日益凸显，光伏微电网技术的出现就很好的同时解决了这两个问题。太阳能作为一种取之不尽用之不竭且无污染的清洁能源，无可厚非的作为煤炭和石油的最佳替代能源；微电网技术对于地广人稀或者海岛上的电力供给，也大大降低了供电成本和电站的建设维护难度。现在各国都加大了对这一领域的研究，但是由于光伏微电网系统较为复杂，且环境条件多变，实验室的建立有一定的难度。所以目前多是通过计算机建立动态仿真模型，通过仿真结果进行可行性和稳定性的分析和证明。本课题通过建立微网运行控制仿真平台，在Matlab／Simulink仿真环境下建立了光伏电池模型、光伏微电网控制策略、分布式微网控制策略以及微电网综合控制策略的模型。在分析原理地基础上给出了参数和模型结构的设计方法，通过仿真结果验证了模型的正确性和有效性。仿真结果表明了所建立的模型可以用于接入微网运行控制问题和分布式电源并网的仿真研究，以及具有一定的通用性和拓展性。首先，介绍了微电网的发展历程以及国内外的发展现状，并且根据光伏发电原理建立了标准光伏电池仿真的模型，并研究了控制光伏电池最大功率输出的最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）算法。其次，在微电网中为了使光伏并网逆变器能够实时的跟踪大电网的电压，设计了一种新型光伏并网逆变器同步控制策略，即规避了无差拍控制鲁棒性差和重复控制动态响应慢的缺点，又继承了两者的优势，，设计了一种新型的复合同步控制策略，使得该方法即提高了系统的响应速度又完善了输出波形，并且可以有效抑制非线性干扰信号的扰动。分析了分布式电源微电网的PQ控制、PV控制策略的原理和方法，在此基础上设计了一种新型的PQ—PV复合控制，并通过这三种策略的原理给出了控制结构，建立仿真模型，并且根据仿真模型的参数进行了方法的设计。最后，整合上述模型的设计，设计了微电网系统主从控制方法和对等控制方法，建立了有效的孤岛运行和同步并网的机制，并通过仿真结果证明模型的可行性和有效性。
[Abstract]:With the increase of global population and the decreasing of non-renewable energy, there are two outstanding problems in energy supply in the world at present: one is the transmission of energy to vast areas of land, the other is the utilization of renewable energy. As these problems become increasingly prominent, the emergence of photovoltaic microgrid technology is a good solution to these two problems at the same time. Solar energy is an inexhaustible and pollution-free clean energy source, and unquestionably the best alternative to coal and oil. It also greatly reduces the cost of power supply and the difficulty of power station construction and maintenance. Now all countries have increased the research in this field, but because the photovoltaic microgrid system is more complex and the environmental conditions are changeable, it is difficult to establish the laboratory. So at present, most of the dynamic simulation models are established by computer, and the feasibility and stability are analyzed and proved by the simulation results. In this paper, the model of photovoltaic cell, control strategy of photovoltaic microgrid, distributed microgrid control strategy and integrated control strategy of microgrid are established in Matlab/Simulink simulation environment through the establishment of microgrid operation control simulation platform. Based on the analysis principle, the design method of parameters and model structure is given, and the correctness and validity of the model are verified by simulation results. The simulation results show that the proposed model can be used to study the operation control problem of microgrid and the grid-connected distributed power supply, and it has some generality and expansibility. Firstly, the development history of microgrid and the current situation at home and abroad are introduced, and the simulation model of standard photovoltaic cell is established according to the principle of photovoltaic power generation. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm for controlling the maximum power output of photovoltaic cells is also studied. Secondly, in order to make photovoltaic grid-connected inverter track the voltage of large grid in real time, a new synchronous control strategy for grid-connected photovoltaic inverter is designed. This paper not only avoids the shortcomings of poor robustness and slow dynamic response of non-beat control, but also inherits the advantages of both, and designs a new compound synchronous control strategy. This method not only improves the response speed of the system, but also improves the output waveform, and can effectively suppress the disturbance of the nonlinear interference signal. This paper analyzes the principle and method of PQ control PV control strategy in distributed power microgrid, designs a new type of PQ-PV compound control based on this, and gives the control structure through the principle of these three strategies, and establishes the simulation model. The method is designed according to the parameters of the simulation model. Finally, combining the design of the above model, the master-slave control method and peer-to-peer control method of micro-grid system are designed, and an effective mechanism of island operation and synchronous grid-connection is established. The simulation results show that the model is feasible and effective.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM615

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