地区电网无功电压问题及其优化对策研究

发布时间：2018-07-27 16:45

【摘要】：电压质量是电力系统电能质量中的重要指标之一。在电压质量诸多问题中，电压偏差对电力系统的危害极为严重、广泛，它不仅会直接影响电气设备的性能，而且还将给电力系统的稳定、安全运行带来风险，甚至引起系统电压崩溃，造成大面积停电。多个国内外的大停电事故都被证明是由于无功问题而引起电压问题导致的。因此，，有针对性地进行无功电压问题分析并据此提出优化解决对策对于电网的安全、稳定、经济运行都有着十分重要的意义。本文综述了无功电压优化模型和优化算法，并指出了其研究发展方向；分析了含分布式能源（Distributed Generation，DG）接入电网的无功电压控制方法研究现状，结合当前研究现状的分析，指出了现有关于含分布式电源的电网无功电压控制研究的一些问题和不足；并在此基础上，从DG互补规划层面、配电网无功补偿规划层面、DG无功电压控制层面、配电网无功电压控制方面等角度，指出了含DG接入配网无功电压控制研究中亟待解决的几个问题。本文以桂林电网为例，对桂林电网的运行现状进行分析，进而总结出了桂林电网的运行特点。针对桂林220kV电网出现的电压偏高等问题，首次提出了一种无功分层平衡分析方法，并对桂林220kV电网的实际运行状况进行了无功分层平衡的分析。通过无功分层平衡的分析，揭示出220kV电网感性无功盈余是造成桂林电网电压偏高的关键因素。接着分析了造成桂林电网无功过剩原因。针对桂林电网由于无功过剩而引起电网电压偏高的问题，提出了感性无功补偿的解决对策，并对现有的两种感性无功补偿方式（低压补偿方式和高压补偿方式）的原理进行了分析。为确定最终感性无功补偿方案，本文提出了一套从多个角度（调压效果、适应未来电网发展趋势、经济性、变电站新装补偿装置可行性）对上述两种感性无功补偿规划结果进行系统比较的体系。桂林电网算例的计算结果表明，低压感性补偿方案总体上要优于高压感性补偿方案，且低压感性补偿方案能够较好地解决桂林电网存在的无功电压问题。为定量评估感性无功补偿对于电压越限风险的收益，本文引入了“电压越限风险”、“风险收益”指标，提出了一种电压越限风险收益的实用计算方法。本文所开展的系统而深入的研究工作对于运行特性类似于桂林电网的地区电网无功电压问题的解决具有理论指导意义和推广价值，所提出的无功补偿规划比较体系为科学地选择无功规划方案提供了一种新思路。
[Abstract]:Voltage quality is one of the important indexes in power system power quality. Among the problems of voltage quality, voltage deviation is very harmful to power system. It will not only directly affect the performance of electrical equipment, but also bring risks to the stability and safe operation of power system. Even causes the system voltage to collapse, causes the large-scale power cut. Many power outages at home and abroad have been proved to be caused by voltage problems due to reactive power problems. Therefore, it is of great significance for the security, stability and economic operation of the power network to analyze the reactive power and voltage problems and put forward the optimal solutions accordingly. This paper summarizes the reactive power and voltage optimization model and algorithm, and points out its research and development direction, analyzes the research status of reactive voltage control method with Distributed generation DG connected to the power network, and analyzes the current research situation. This paper points out some problems and shortcomings of the current research on reactive power and voltage control of power network with distributed generation, and on this basis, from the DG complementary programming level, the distribution network reactive power compensation planning level DG reactive voltage control level. From the point of view of reactive power and voltage control of distribution network, the paper points out several problems to be solved urgently in the research of reactive power and voltage control of distribution network with DG. Taking Guilin Power Grid as an example, this paper analyzes the current operation situation of Guilin Power Grid, and sums up the operation characteristics of Guilin Power Grid. Aiming at the problem of high voltage in Guilin 220kV power network, a reactive power stratified balance analysis method is proposed for the first time, and the actual operation condition of Guilin 220kV power network is analyzed. Through the analysis of reactive power stratified balance, it is revealed that the inductive reactive power surplus is the key factor of the high voltage in Guilin power grid. Then the cause of reactive power surplus in Guilin power grid is analyzed. In view of the problem of high voltage caused by excess reactive power in Guilin power network, the countermeasures of inductive reactive power compensation are put forward. The principle of two kinds of inductive reactive power compensation (low voltage compensation and high voltage compensation) is analyzed. In order to determine the final inductive reactive power compensation scheme, this paper puts forward a set of methods from several angles (voltage regulation effect, adapting to the future power grid development trend, economic, etc.) The feasibility of the new compensator in substation) the system to compare the results of the two inductive reactive power compensation planning. The calculation results of Guilin power network show that the low-voltage inductive compensation scheme is better than the high-voltage inductive compensation scheme, and the low-voltage inductive compensation scheme can solve the reactive power and voltage problem in Guilin power network. In order to quantitatively evaluate the benefit of inductive reactive power compensation for voltage overrun risk, this paper introduces the index of "voltage overrun risk" and "risk return", and puts forward a practical calculation method of voltage overrun risk return. The systematic and in-depth research work carried out in this paper has theoretical guiding significance and popularizing value for solving the problem of reactive power and voltage in regional power grid with similar operation characteristics as Guilin power grid. The proposed reactive power compensation planning comparison system provides a new way for the scientific selection of reactive power planning schemes.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM761.12

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