新型无刷电励磁同步电机的设计与研究

发布时间：2018-07-30 06:17

【摘要】：同步电机是一种常用的交流电机，既可以用作发电机，也可用作电动机或补偿机。同步电机拖动系统具有容量大、效率高、体积小、转动惯量小、功率因数可调、过载能力强等优点，在要求位置、速度、加速度等多变量调节环境中有着广泛应用。常规的电励磁同步电机定子有三相对称绕组，转子中有励磁绕组和阻尼绕组。本文提出了一种新型无刷电励磁同步电机，该无刷同步电机在结构上取消了传统的同步电机转子侧的电刷和滑环，不需要单独的励磁机，简化了电机结构，易于维护，并能实现无刷调节励磁。文中详细分析了新型无刷电励磁同步电机的基本结构和工作原理。在定子铁芯的内圆周靠中间位置开有一定深度的槽，在槽中放入一定匝数的绕圈构成单相励磁绕组。在转子铁芯外圆周上与定子上的槽相对应位置也开有同样宽度的槽，，在槽中放入一定匝数的绕圈构成单相感应绕组。在定子侧单相励磁绕组中通入单相交流电，利用变压器原理，则在转子感应绕组中感应出电动势，感应出的单相交流电经过旋转整流器的整流，输出直流电，为转子励磁绕组提供励磁电流。通过改变定子侧单相励磁绕组电压，可以改变转子的直流励磁电流，实现了无刷电励磁调节功能。文中对该电机进行了详细的电磁计算，给出了电机的具体参数。详细分析了该电机内部的电磁关系，给出了磁势平衡方程和电压平衡方程，并给出了等效电路图、相量图和功率流程图。从电机的统一控制理论作为出发点，分析了交流电动机矢量控制原理。根据理想同步电动机模型,分别给出凸极同步电动机在定子三相静止坐标系下和在-旋转坐标系的数学模型。利用仿真平台搭建了新型无刷电励磁同步电机的有限元模型，分析了该电机的磁场分布特点。给出了电机磁力线和磁密分布图，并对电机在不同负载条件下的性能进行了分析。文中详细介绍了新型无刷电励磁同步电机的参数，样机的研制过程。搭建了电机实验平台，对该同步电机进行了一系列实验来研究其特性。用实验数据证明，定子侧励磁绕组和转子侧感应绕组构成的平面和功率绕组构成的平面相互垂直，磁场的耦合关系小，分别加电后，在对方的绕组中感应电势非常小。从而验证了该电机结构新颖，设计合理，并能实现无刷调节励磁。
[Abstract]:Synchronous motor is a commonly used AC motor. It can be used as generator, motor or compensator. Synchronous motor drive system has many advantages, such as large capacity, high efficiency, small volume, small moment of inertia, adjustable power factor, strong overload ability and so on. It is widely used in multivariable adjusting environment such as position, speed, acceleration and so on. The stator of conventional electroexcitation synchronous motor has three-phase symmetrical winding, and the rotor has excitation winding and damping winding. In this paper, a new brushless excitation synchronous motor is proposed. The brushless synchronous motor cancels the traditional brush and slip ring on the rotor side of the synchronous motor in structure, and does not need a single exciter, which simplifies the structure of the motor and is easy to maintain. And can realize brushless regulation excitation. The basic structure and working principle of the new brushless excitation synchronous motor are analyzed in detail. At the middle position of the inner circumference of the stator core there is a slot of a certain depth and the winding coil with a certain number of turns is put into the slot to form a single-phase excitation winding. A slot of the same width is also opened in the outer circle of the rotor core corresponding to the slot on the stator, and a single phase induction winding is formed by placing a certain number of turns in the slot. In the stator side of the single-phase excitation winding, the single-phase alternating current is connected. Using the principle of the transformer, the electromotive force is induced in the rotor inductive winding. The inductive single-phase alternating current is rectified by the rotary rectifier and the direct current is output. Provide excitation current for rotor excitation winding. By changing the voltage of stator side single-phase excitation winding, the DC excitation current of rotor can be changed, and the brushless excitation regulation function can be realized. In this paper, the detailed electromagnetic calculation of the motor is carried out, and the specific parameters of the motor are given. The electromagnetic relation of the motor is analyzed in detail, the magnetic potential balance equation and voltage balance equation are given, and the equivalent circuit diagram, phasor diagram and power flow chart are given. Based on the unified control theory of motor, the vector control principle of AC motor is analyzed. According to the ideal synchronous motor model, the mathematical models of salient synchronous motor in stator three-phase stationary coordinate system and in rotating coordinate system are given respectively. The finite element model of a new brushless excitation synchronous motor is built by using the simulation platform, and the magnetic field distribution characteristics of the motor are analyzed. The magnetic field line and magnetic density distribution diagram of the motor are given, and the performance of the motor under different load conditions is analyzed. In this paper, the parameters of the new brushless excitation synchronous motor and the development process of the prototype are introduced in detail. A motor experimental platform was built, and a series of experiments were carried out to study the characteristics of the synchronous motor. The experimental data show that the plane formed by stator side excitation winding and rotor side induction winding is perpendicular to the plane of power winding and the coupling relation of magnetic field is small. It is proved that the motor is novel in structure, reasonable in design and can realize brushless excitation regulation.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM341

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