铅酸蓄电池充电场所氢气产生及分布规律研究

发布时间：2018-07-31 07:48

【摘要】：非高危行业高危区域安全问题的研究对于全面提升我国的安全生产水平具有重要意义,然而现有的研究多数集中在传统高危行业。本课题主要研究非高危行业的蓄电池充电场所内氢气的产生及其分布规律。借助氢气浓度测量仪对叉车蓄电池充电场所进行检测的结果表明,蓄电池在整个充电周期内均产生氢气。阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池特有的内部氧循环反应机理使得其产生氢气量远小于叉车使用的富液式铅酸蓄电池。基于马斯定律、勒夏特列定理和对不同容量的蓄电池现场实验的结果分析得出,不同容量的蓄电池在充电进行到80%时产生的氢气量最大。对不同容量的蓄电池进行完全充电实验,并通过理论计算得出1Ah的电量完全用来电解水能够产生体积为0.418L的氢气。通过现场实验并计算得出容量为100Ah的蓄电池,在单个充电周期内损失约4mL水,并生成约5L的氢气。对现有三种形式的蓄电池充电场所进行实验研究的结果表明,采用无动力风机排风的封闭式充电厂房内氢气浓度最高,且一度达到10000ppm,有机械排风设施的封闭式充电厂房氢气的浓度最大值为1039ppm,开放式无机械排风设施的充电厂房氢气的浓度最大值为362ppm。假设一个充电周期产生的氢气,全部均匀分布在厂房的顶部,给出了该氢气层厚度的计算公式,该氢气层内氢气的浓度能够达到爆炸下限。搞清了三种不同形式的蓄电池充电场所内氢气浓度在高度方向上的分布规律。封闭式蓄电池充电间应视为甲类易燃易爆场所,必须满足甲类防爆技术要求。有效排风是防止其爆炸的主要技术手段之一。在保证厂房通风条件下,在厂房局部区域设置的开放式蓄电池充电场所可视为非防爆场所。
[Abstract]:The research on the safety problems of high risk areas in non-high risk industries is of great significance to improve the level of production safety in China. However, most of the existing studies focus on traditional high risk industries. This paper mainly studies the generation and distribution of hydrogen in battery charging sites in non-high-risk industries. The results of detecting the charging place of forklift truck battery with hydrogen concentration measuring instrument show that hydrogen is produced by the battery during the whole charging cycle. The internal oxygen cycle reaction mechanism of valve-controlled sealed lead-acid battery makes the hydrogen production much smaller than the liquid-rich lead-acid battery used in forklift truck. Based on Math's law, Le Chatterley theorem and the results of field experiments on batteries of different capacities, it is concluded that the hydrogen produced by batteries of different capacities is the largest when charging to 80%. The full charge experiment of battery with different capacity is carried out, and the theoretical calculation shows that the quantity of 1Ah can be used to electrolyze water completely to produce hydrogen gas with volume 0.418 L. Field experiments and calculations show that the storage battery with capacity of 100Ah loses about 4mL water in a single charging cycle and generates about 5L of hydrogen. The results of experimental study on three kinds of storage battery charging sites show that the concentration of hydrogen is the highest in the closed charging plant with no power fan exhaust. The maximum hydrogen concentration of the closed charging plant with mechanical exhaust air is 1039ppm, and the maximum hydrogen concentration of the open charging powerhouse without mechanical exhaust is 362ppm. at one time, the concentration of hydrogen is 10000ppm, and the maximum hydrogen concentration is 1039ppm for the closed charging powerhouse with mechanical exhaust facilities. Assuming that the hydrogen produced by a charging cycle is uniformly distributed at the top of the powerhouse, a formula for calculating the thickness of the hydrogen layer is given, and the hydrogen concentration in the hydrogen layer can reach the explosion limit. The distribution of hydrogen concentration in three different types of storage battery charging sites in the high direction was investigated. The closed battery charging room should be regarded as a kind of flammable and explosive place and must meet the technical requirements of class A explosion proof. Effective ventilation is one of the main technical means to prevent its explosion. Under the condition of ensuring the ventilation of the workshop, the open storage battery charging place can be regarded as a non-explosion-proof place.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM912

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