基于无刷直流电动机的道闸驱动与控制系统

发布时间：2018-08-02 20:27

【摘要】：道闸是专门用于在道路上限制机动车行驶的通道出入口管理设备。随着国家经济水平和人民生活质量的提高，，城市的汽车数量也呈指数的增加，而使得道闸更加广泛地应用于公路收费站、停车场、小区、企事业单位门口等场所，来管理车辆的出入。作为常用的2种道闸系统的拖动设备，直流电动机和交流异步电动机其自身存在的一些缺点在一定程度上制约了它们在道闸系统中的应用，因而提出了集直流电动机和交流电动机两者的优点于一身的且性能更加稳定、可靠性更高的无刷直流电动机作为道闸系统的拖动设备。本文以无刷直流电动机作为主要研究对象，基于其基本组成和工作原理，开发了以MC33035、MC33039、MPM3003及其外围电路所构成的无刷直流电动机驱动器，通过对驱动器实验板的调试，得出了无刷直流电动机较合适的调速方式，且该驱动器实验板能很好的实现无刷直流电动机的启动、换相、正反转、制动、加减速的控制、转速闭环控制。结合无刷直流电动机驱动器，开发了以STC51单片机作为控制核心的道闸控制器系统，实现了道闸运行的自动化控制，其中构建了基于单片机的无刷直流电动机的转速测量与LCD显示电路、输出连续可调的直流稳压电源电路、故障定位电路、脉冲6倍频电路、电动机相电流检测电路、道闸遇阻处理电路、上位机与单片机的485通讯电路、0.8s、1s、2s、4s的4个档位按键，并完成了相关控制程序的设计。通过对上述硬件电路及其相关程序的调试，实现了无刷直流电动机转速的测量，并将结果显示于LCD上；完成了基于VC++的上位机控制界面设计并实现了上位机与单片机的485通讯；能准确的进行故障定位，并输出故障代码；人为的模拟了道闸遇阻，实现了遇阻无刷直流电动机立即正转一定角度；模拟地感线圈的信号，控制道闸的起、落杆；实现了无刷直流电动机在空载情况下0.8s、1s、2s、4s运行档位的切换和道闸转角的控制。将无刷直流电动机驱动器、道闸控制器、无刷直流电动机、道闸机械部分的联机调试，完成了道闸4个档位的起杆控制与落杆控制，根据所加工电动机在遇阻时电流不突变的特点而改用脉冲计数的方法实现了道闸遇阻的处理，最后完成了PCB板的设计与制作。
[Abstract]:Gate is specially used to restrict the movement of motor vehicles on the road access management equipment. With the improvement of the national economic level and the quality of life of the people, the number of cars in cities is also increasing exponentially. Thus, road gates are more widely used in places such as highway toll stations, parking lots, residential areas, enterprises and institutions, etc. To manage vehicle access. As two kinds of common drive equipment of gate system, DC motor and AC asynchronous motor have some disadvantages which restrict their application in gate system to a certain extent. Therefore, a brushless DC motor, which combines the advantages of DC motor and AC motor, with more stable performance and higher reliability, is proposed as the driving equipment of the gate system. This paper takes brushless DC motor as the main research object, based on its basic composition and working principle, develops the brushless DC motor driver which is made up of MC33035, MC33039 MPM3003 and its peripheral circuit. It is concluded that the brushless DC motor is more suitable for speed regulation, and the driver experimental board can well realize the brushless DC motor starting, commutation, positive and inverse rotation, braking, acceleration and deceleration control, speed closed loop control. Combined with brushless DC motor driver, a gate controller system with STC51 single chip microcomputer as the control core is developed to realize the automatic control of the running of the channel gate. Among them, the speed measurement and LCD display circuit of brushless DC motor based on single chip microcomputer, the output of continuously adjustable DC power supply circuit, fault location circuit, pulse 6 times frequency circuit, motor phase current detection circuit are constructed. The circuit of channel gate distress processing, the 485 communication circuit between host computer and single chip computer, and the 4 gear keys of 0.8sm 1sSU 2s 4s, and the design of the related control program are completed. The measurement of brushless DC motor speed is realized by debugging the hardware circuit and related program, and the result is displayed on LCD. The control interface of the host computer based on VC is designed and the 485 communication between the upper computer and the single chip microcomputer is realized; the fault location can be accurately carried out, and the fault code can be output. In this paper, a certain angle of brushless DC motor is realized, the signal of earth inductive coil is simulated, the starting of the gate is controlled and the rod is dropped, the switching of the running gear of the brushless DC motor under the condition of no load is realized, and the control of the switch angle is realized. The on-line debugging of brushless DC motor driver, gate controller, brushless DC motor and the mechanical part of the channel gate is carried out, and the starting rod control and the falling rod control of the four stalls of the channel gate are completed. According to the characteristic that the electric current is not abrupt when the motor is in resistance, the pulse counting method is used to deal with the resistance of the channel gate. Finally, the design and fabrication of the PCB board are completed.
【学位授予单位】：集美大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM33;TP273

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