复杂电网拓扑参数分析及连锁故障预防控制研究

发布时间：2018-08-03 12:44

【摘要】：随着电力系统规模的不断扩大和电力负荷的持续增长,人们对安全可靠的电力依赖越来越强。然而,由于受到电力系统自身的原因限制以及外部干扰条件的影响,电力系统时常发生事故,而且很大的一部分大停电事故的发生是由连锁跳闸事故发展而来的,此类连锁故障往往是由单一元件故障或线路过负荷引起的,元件相继退出运行造成大面积停电甚至整个电网的崩溃,在这种大停电事故发展的初期,如果电力操作人员控制得当,是完全可以避免的。由于电网本身的拓扑结构有着其特定的、内在的特性,这种特定的拓扑结构对电网的性能会产生深刻的影响。因此,本文从电网的自身拓扑结构角度出发,分析复杂网络拓扑结构参数,将不同复杂网络连锁故障模型的拓扑参数进行比较,给出在进行预防连锁故障的切机、切负荷控制时需要考虑的复杂网络拓扑参数,为连锁故障的预防控制奠定基础。文中在判断出系统中发生潮流转移引起的过负荷情况下,通过对复杂网络拓扑参数的改进以及分析节点与支路电流的关系,给出切机、切负荷最优控制节点的选择方法,然后给出合适的切机、切负荷控制量的计算及选取方法来进行切机、切负荷操作。通过对IEEE30节点的系统进行仿真验证,了解到通过一轮的切机、切负荷控制有时无法使过载线路电流恢复到安全范围内,需要采取多步的切机、切负荷控制。文中将分布式模型预测控制优化算法应用于连锁故障的预防控制中,通过动态矩阵控制算法对已选取的每个节点的切机、切负荷控制量进行最优求解,并将最优的控制量作为实际的切机、切负荷控制量,通过实时滚动优化,达到抑制连锁故障蔓延的目的。最后,文中继续对IEEE30节点的系统进行仿真验证,与没有进行优化的控制方法相比,电流的扰动程度有所降低,且验证了该切机、切负荷优化控制可以以相对较小的代价使过载支路的电流进入安全运行范围内。
[Abstract]:With the continuous expansion of power system scale and the continuous growth of power load, people rely more and more on safe and reliable power. However, due to the limitation of the power system itself and the influence of the external interference conditions, the power system often happens accidents, and a large part of the blackouts are developed from the chain trip accidents. This kind of cascading fault is often caused by a single component fault or line overload, and the components exit from operation one after another, resulting in a large area power failure or even the collapse of the whole power network. In the early stage of the development of this kind of blackout, If the power operator is properly controlled, it is entirely avoidable. Because the topology of the power network has its own specific and inherent characteristics, this particular topology will have a profound impact on the performance of the network. Therefore, from the point of view of the power network topology structure, this paper analyzes the topology parameters of complex network, compares the topology parameters of different complex network cascading fault models, and gives the cutting machine to prevent the cascading fault. The complex network topology parameters needed to be considered in load shedding control lay the foundation for the prevention and control of cascading faults. In this paper, after judging the overload caused by the power flow transfer in the system, by improving the topological parameters of the complex network and analyzing the relationship between the node and the branch current, the selection method of the cutting machine and the optimal control node of the load shedding is given. Then the proper cutting machine, the calculation and selection method of the load control quantity are given to carry out the cutting machine and the load cutting operation. Through the simulation and verification of the IEEE30 node system, it is found that the load control sometimes can not make the overload line current return to the safe range through one wheel cutting machine, so it is necessary to adopt the multi-step cutting machine and the load cutting control. In this paper, the distributed model predictive control optimization algorithm is applied to the preventive control of cascading faults, and the dynamic matrix control algorithm is used to solve the optimal load control quantity of each selected node. The optimal control quantity is taken as the actual cutting machine and the load control quantity is used to suppress the cascading fault spread through real-time rolling optimization. Finally, the simulation of the IEEE30 node system is carried out. Compared with the control method without optimization, the disturbance degree of the current is reduced, and the cutting machine is verified. Load-shedding optimization control can make the current of overload branch into safe operation range at relatively small cost.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM711

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