光伏发电系统充电控制器设计与开发

发布时间：2018-08-07 08:48

【摘要】：太阳能作为一种具有可持续发展的绿色能源已成为国、内外研究的热点，特别是光伏上网电价法的出台，极大的促进了国内对光伏发电技术的研究，光伏充电控制器作为光伏发电系统中重要的组成部分，成为了研究的热点。然而，现有光伏充电控制器中存在着充电效率不高、充电方法不够智能、最大功率跟踪不够准确等不足，为此，本文针对光伏充电控制器的核心技术进行了深入细致的研究，主要内容包括： (1)研究了光伏充电控制器的国内外研究状况及其发展趋势，分析了太阳能电池的等效电路，根据等效电路建立了太阳能电池的数学模型，并在Matlab上建立了仿真模型来研究太阳能电池的输出特性；分析了蓄电池化学特性与结构、工作原理、影响充电效果的因素，研究了蓄电池的充电特性。 (2)根据技术指标和性能要求对光伏充电控制器进行了总体方案设计，阐述了光伏充电控制器的硬件总体方案和软件总体方案；分析了常见的几种充电技术，根据系统的实际需求本文提出智能充电方法，其充电过程分为最大功率充电、过充电和浮充电三阶段。 (3)对光伏充电控制器的硬件系统进行了详细设计，采用Buck型DC/DC变换器作为光伏充电控制器的主电路，并采用同步整流技术，提高系统转换效率，满足系统控制算法的硬件要求；分析了主要电路的元件参数计算方法和主要器件的选型。 (4)对光伏充电控制器的软件系统进行了详细设计，对充电控制程序、PWM程序和数据采集程序进行了设计；分析了几种常见的MPPT算法，，针对本系统的应用特点提出了改进的MPPT算法，并在仿真模型上改进算法进行仿真分析。最后设计出了光伏充电控制器的实验样机，并进行了相应的实验研究，对改进的算法以及充电控制策略进行实验分析，实验结果表明改进的算法不但跟踪的速度快，而且有较高输出稳定性，本文设计的充电控制器充电效率高达90%以上，达到了预期指标。
[Abstract]:Solar energy, as a kind of green energy with sustainable development, has become the focus of domestic and foreign research, especially the introduction of photovoltaic pricing method, which has greatly promoted the research of photovoltaic power generation technology in China. As an important part of photovoltaic power generation system, photovoltaic charging controller has become a hot research topic. However, the existing photovoltaic charging controller is not efficient, the charging method is not intelligent enough, the maximum power tracking is not accurate enough and so on. Therefore, the core technology of photovoltaic charging controller is studied in detail in this paper. The main contents are as follows: (1) the research status and development trend of photovoltaic charge controller at home and abroad are studied, the equivalent circuit of solar cell is analyzed, and the mathematical model of solar cell is established according to the equivalent circuit. The simulation model is established on Matlab to study the output characteristics of solar cells, and the chemical characteristics and structure of the battery, the working principle, the factors influencing the charging effect are analyzed. The charging characteristics of battery are studied. (2) according to the technical specifications and performance requirements, the overall design of photovoltaic charging controller is carried out, and the overall hardware and software scheme of photovoltaic charging controller is described. This paper analyzes several common charging technologies and puts forward intelligent charging methods according to the actual demand of the system. The charging process is divided into maximum power charging. (3) the hardware system of photovoltaic charging controller is designed in detail. Buck type DC/DC converter is used as the main circuit of photovoltaic charging controller, and synchronous rectifier technology is adopted. Improve the conversion efficiency of the system, meet the hardware requirements of the system control algorithm, analyze the calculation method of the main circuit component parameters and the selection of the main devices. (4) the software system of the photovoltaic charging controller is designed in detail. This paper designs the charging control program and data acquisition program, analyzes several common MPPT algorithms, proposes an improved MPPT algorithm according to the application characteristics of the system, and simulates the improved algorithm on the simulation model. Finally, the experimental prototype of photovoltaic charging controller is designed, and the corresponding experimental research is carried out, and the improved algorithm and charging control strategy are analyzed experimentally. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm is not only fast in tracking speed, The charging efficiency of the controller is over 90%, which reaches the expected target.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM615

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