基于FPGA的永磁同步电机无传感器控制系统研究

发布时间：2018-08-08 15:51

【摘要】：随着日益凸显的环境和资源问题，“节能减排”成为各行各业发展的方向，永磁同步电机以其效率高，，控制性能好，损耗低等特点成为代替传统伺服运动部分的最佳选择。然而，永磁同步电机的控制需要精确的转速和位置信息，传统采用机械式传感器来解决这一问题。但是，随着机械传感器的引入，也带来了许多新问题，如增加了系统惯量、减弱系统的精确性、机械传感器安装复杂等。因此，无传感器控制系统成为研究的焦点。本文针对由于扩展卡尔曼滤波器算法运算量大，传统控制器无法满足系统实时性的不足，采用Verilog HDL作为编程语言，完成了对基于FPGA的永磁同步电机无传感器控制系统的部分研究工作。该系统利用FPGA高速数据处理的优点，采用Altera公司Cyclone II系列芯片EP2C8Q208C8作为控制器核心。在实现无传感器控制的同时，实现了控制器的功能性集成，其中包括坐标变换、PI调节、逆变器控制、转速估计等功能。本文主要对永磁同步电机无传感器控制系统的相关理论进行了研究，在分析了扩展卡尔曼滤波器算法在永磁同步电机中的应用原理与工作过程的基础上，建立了基于扩展卡尔曼滤波器算法的永磁同步电机控制系统模型。同时根据无传感器控制系统结构，详细阐述了该无传感器控制系统在FPGA上的实现方法。通过仿真分析对各部分进行了验证，证明了所设计的基于FPGA永磁同步电机无传感器控制系统的可行性。同时通过对联合仿真结果的分析，证明该系统实时性好，对转子的转速估计精确度高，符合控制系统的要求。随着半导体电子技术的飞速发展，控制器的数字化和功能的集成化成为控制系统的发展趋势。本文的研究对永磁同步电机控制系统的发展具有一定的参考价值，为永磁同步电机无传感器控制系统的应用提供了一种解决方案。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly prominent environmental and resource problems, "energy saving and emission reduction" has become the development direction of various industries. PMSM, with its high efficiency, good control performance and low loss, has become the best choice to replace the traditional servo movement part. However, the control of PMSM requires accurate speed and position information, which is solved by traditional mechanical sensor. However, with the introduction of mechanical sensors, many new problems have been brought, such as increasing the inertia of the system, weakening the accuracy of the system, installing the mechanical sensors and so on. Therefore, sensorless control system has become the focus of research. In this paper, Verilog HDL is used as a programming language to solve the problem that the traditional controller can not satisfy the real-time performance of the system because of the large computational complexity of the extended Kalman filter algorithm. The research of sensorless control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) based on FPGA is completed. The system takes advantage of the high speed data processing of FPGA and adopts Cyclone II series chip EP2C8Q208C8 of Altera company as the core of controller. While sensorless control is realized, the functional integration of the controller is realized, including coordinate transformation Pi regulation, inverter control, speed estimation and so on. In this paper, the theory of sensorless control system of PMSM is studied, and the application principle and working process of extended Kalman filter algorithm in PMSM are analyzed. A permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control system model based on extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm is established. At the same time, according to the structure of sensorless control system, the realization method of sensorless control system on FPGA is described in detail. The simulation results show that the sensorless control system based on FPGA is feasible. At the same time, through the analysis of the joint simulation results, it is proved that the system has good real-time performance and high accuracy of rotor speed estimation, which meets the requirements of the control system. With the rapid development of semiconductor electronic technology, the digitization of controller and the integration of function become the development trend of control system. The research in this paper has a certain reference value for the development of PMSM control system and provides a solution for the application of PMSM sensorless control system.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM341

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