储纬器PMSM电机驱动器的设计

发布时间：2018-08-09 20:48

【摘要】：储纬器是织机上的重要配套设备，直接影响织机的整体性能，在工艺上要求储纬器电机具有大范围调速、快速响应和定位停机等性能。目前国内的储纬器电机普遍采用的是交流异步电机，而永磁同步电机(PMSM)具有结构简单，体积小，重量轻，损耗小，效率高等一系列优点，非常适合作为储纬器的驱动电机。矢量控制能够实现PMSM的高性能运动控制。本文针对储纬器生产企业的需求，利用储纬器上用于绕纱圈数和定位停机检测的锁存型霍尔传感器，设计了一款基于单霍尔传感器的PMSM矢量控制驱动器，实现了储纬器的工艺要求。论文首先讨论了PMSM的结构和工作原理，推导出PMSM矢量控制中三种坐标系间的变换关系，建立了两相同步旋转坐标系下PMSM的数学模型。在此基础上分析了PMSM的矢量控制原理，并确定了id＝0的矢量控制策略。然后深入分析了矢量控制中电压空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)技术的原理，给出SVPWM控制算法的实现步骤和方法。利用MATLAB软件绘制了SVPWM技术下逆变器输出相电压和线电压、负载相电压以及负载中心点电压的理论波形图，形象地说明了SVPWM技术的本质。在理论分析的基础上采用Microchip公司的dsPIC30F4011数字信号控制器(DSC)为核心控制器，进行了储纬器PMSM基于单霍尔传感器的矢量控制软硬件设计。搭建了系统的主要电路，包括主电路、驱动电路、控制电路、转子速度和位置检测电路、电流检测电路、保护电路和开关电源电路等。在系统的软件设计中，给出了软件系统主要部分的程序流程图，并重点分析了电机控制中的初始定位和起动、电机速度和位置计算、PI调节器设计、SVPWM模块软件实现等关键问题。最后对设计的储纬器电机控制系统进行了全面的运行调试，，测量了电机控制系统的输出波形和调速曲线。实验结果表明了设计的电机控制系统有良好的速度响应，能有效满足储纬器电机的控制需求，达到了预期的效果。
[Abstract]:The weft storage device is an important supporting equipment on the loom, which directly affects the overall performance of the loom. In the process, the weft storage motor is required to have the characteristics of wide range speed regulation, fast response and positioning shutdown. At present, AC asynchronous motor is widely used in domestic weft storage motor, and permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has a series of advantages, such as simple structure, small volume, light weight, low loss, high efficiency and so on, so it is very suitable for the drive motor of weft storage device. Vector control can realize the high performance motion control of PMSM. In this paper, according to the demand of the weft storage manufacturer, a PMSM vector control driver based on single Hall sensor is designed, which is based on the lock Hall sensor which is used to detect the number of hoops and the position stop of the weft storage device. The process requirement of weft storage device is realized. This paper first discusses the structure and working principle of PMSM, deduces the transformation relationship between three coordinate systems in PMSM vector control, and establishes the mathematical model of PMSM in two-phase synchronous rotating coordinate system. On this basis, the vector control principle of PMSM is analyzed, and the vector control strategy of id=0 is determined. Then, the principle of voltage space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) in vector control is analyzed, and the steps and methods of SVPWM control algorithm are given. The theoretical waveforms of output phase voltage, line voltage, load phase voltage and load center voltage of inverter under SVPWM technology are drawn by using MATLAB software. The essence of SVPWM technology is illustrated graphically. On the basis of theoretical analysis, the dsPIC30F4011 digital signal controller (DSC) of Microchip Company is used as the core controller, and the vector control software and hardware of the weft storage device PMSM based on single Hall sensor are designed. The main circuits of the system include main circuit, drive circuit, control circuit, rotor speed and position detection circuit, current detection circuit, protection circuit and switching power supply circuit. In the software design of the system, the program flow chart of the main parts of the software system is given, and the key problems such as the initial positioning and starting in the motor control, the calculation of the motor speed and position and the design of the SVPWM module software are analyzed. Finally, the designed control system of the weft storage machine is operated and debugged, and the output waveform and the speed regulation curve of the motor control system are measured. The experimental results show that the designed motor control system has a good speed response and can effectively meet the control requirements of the weft accumulator motor and achieve the desired results.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TS103.33;TM341

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