碳质材料在锂硫电池中的应用研究进展

发布时间：2018-08-19 07:03

【摘要】：随着石墨负极的成功商用,锂离子电池在智能手机、笔记本电脑等便携式电子设备中已得到广泛的应用。经过20多年的发展,现有基于嵌锂化合物正极的锂离子电池已接近其理论容量,但仍不能满足高速发展的电子工业和新兴的电动汽车等行业的要求,寻找具有更高能量密度的电池系统迫在眉睫。锂硫电池系统具有极高的理论能量密度,在多种储能系统中是最具潜力的一种二次电池。但是锂硫电池中也存在硫的电导率极低、多硫化物溶解迁移等问题,使其在走向实用化的过程中遇到许多困难。纳米碳质材料在新型锂硫电池的开发过程中处于重要地位,通过纳米炭的引入,可以获得导电复合正极材料,控制多硫化物的穿梭,从而有望实现正极硫材料的高效利用。综述了基于纳米炭-硫复合正极材料,尤其是碳纳米管、石墨烯、多孔炭以及其杂化物等材料复合的电极,分析其结构与锂硫电池性能的关系,并展望锂硫电池的发展方向。
[Abstract]:With the successful commercial use of graphite anode, lithium ion batteries have been widely used in portable electronic devices such as smart phones, notebook computers and so on. After more than 20 years of development, the existing lithium ion batteries based on the positive electrode of lithium compounds are close to its theoretical capacity, but still can not meet the requirements of the rapid development of the electronic industry and the emerging electric vehicle industry. It is urgent to find a battery system with higher energy density. Lithium-sulfur battery system has high theoretical energy density and is the most potential secondary battery in many energy storage systems. However, there are some problems in lithium sulfur batteries, such as the low conductivity of sulfur and the dissolving and migration of polysulfide, which make it difficult to become practical. Nano-carbon materials play an important role in the development of new lithium-sulfur batteries. Through the introduction of nano-carbon, conductive composite cathode materials can be obtained, and the shuttle of polysulfide can be controlled, which is expected to realize the efficient utilization of positive electrode sulfur materials. The composite electrodes based on carbon nanotubes, graphene, porous carbon and their hybrids were reviewed. The relationship between the structure and the performance of lithium-sulfur batteries was analyzed, and the development trend of lithium-sulfur batteries was prospected.
【作者单位】：清华大学化学工程系绿色反应工程与工艺北京市重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(21306103) 教育部博士点基金(20120002120047) 中国博士后基金(2012M520293,2013T60125)~~
【分类号】：TM912;TQ127.11

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