配电网中分布式发电优化配置研究

发布时间：2018-08-21 20:34

【摘要】：能源资源匮乏和环境污染是当今世界亟需解决的两大难题,目前利用新能源发电技术已成为世界各国解决这两大难题的有效措施。分布式发电的优越性主要体现在：环保、供电可靠性高、改善终端用户的电能质量还满足能源可持续发展等。将传统电网与分布式发电相结合,通过彼此间的互补协调可充分利用现有的设备资源,也是向用户提供可靠、优质电能的最佳方式和电力工业发展的新趋势。我国乃至世界各国都做了分布式发电的长期规划,同时分布式电源在电网中的比例也在逐年增加。由于风电、光电等形式的分布式电源易受气候、地理条件等因素的影响,其输出功率具有随机性。当电网中引入一定量的分布式电源时,必然会对系统产生一定的影响：如改变网络的潮流分布、影响继保装置动作等,这种影响程度与分布式电源的配置方案紧密相关。合理配置分布式电源的接入方案,不仅能充分利用自然界分散存在的能源,还可以有效地改善电能质量、提高系统负荷率等。如果配置方案不合理,可能会增加系统的功率损耗,使某些负荷节点出现过压或欠压,改变故障电流的大小、方向以及持续时间。对分布式电源进行合理地配置,使接入电网的分布式电源既不影响系统运行的安稳性,同时又能充分发挥其优势。因此,有必要对分布式电源的接入方案进行深入的研究。本文是在借鉴了相关研究成果的基础之上进行研究的,介绍了目前主要分布式电源的类型、特点以及引入分布式电源后对电网带来的影响。由于分布式电源的优化配置涉及电网潮流计算,因此对各种分布式电源的节点模型及处理办法进行了研究。最后,以总成本最小为目标函数,建立了分布式电源优化配置的数学模型,并考虑了分布式电源的环保效益。将各个约束条件以惩罚因子的形式并入目标函数,然后以IEEE33-nodes配电测试系统为算例,运用粒子群算法(PSO)对模型进行求解。算例结果验证了配置方案的有效性,同时也表明了合理地配置分布式电源有利于提高系统运行的经济性和环保型。
[Abstract]:The shortage of energy resources and environmental pollution are two difficult problems that need to be solved in the world today. At present, the use of new energy power generation technology has become an effective measure to solve these two problems in various countries of the world. The advantages of distributed generation include environmental protection, high reliability of power supply, improvement of power quality of end users and sustainable development of energy. The combination of traditional power grid and distributed generation can make full use of existing equipment resources through mutual complementation and coordination. It is also the best way to provide reliable and high quality electric energy to customers and the new trend of power industry development. China and even countries all over the world have made long-term plans for distributed generation, and the proportion of distributed generation in power grid is increasing year by year. Because wind power, photoelectric and other forms of distributed power are easily affected by climate, geographical conditions and other factors, its output power is random. When a certain amount of distributed generation is introduced into the power network, it will inevitably have a certain impact on the system: such as changing the power flow distribution of the network, affecting the operation of the relay device, and so on. This influence degree is closely related to the configuration scheme of the distributed generation. The reasonable configuration of the access scheme of distributed power supply can not only make full use of the distributed energy sources in nature, but also effectively improve the power quality and system load rate. If the configuration scheme is not reasonable, it may increase the power loss of the system, cause some load nodes to overvoltage or undervoltage, and change the size, direction and duration of the fault current. The distributed power generation can be configured reasonably, so that the distributed power supply connected to the power grid will not affect the stability of the system, and at the same time, it can give full play to its advantages. Therefore, it is necessary to study the access scheme of DG. Based on the related research results, this paper introduces the types and characteristics of the main distributed generation and the influence of the introduction of the distributed generation on the power network. Because the optimal configuration of distributed generation involves power flow calculation, the node models and processing methods of distributed power generation are studied. Finally, taking the minimum total cost as the objective function, the mathematical model of optimal configuration of distributed power supply is established, and the environmental protection benefits of distributed power generation are considered. Each constraint condition is incorporated into the objective function in the form of penalty factor, and then the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) is used to solve the model by taking the IEEE33-nodes distribution test system as an example. The simulation results show that the configuration scheme is effective and the reasonable configuration of distributed power supply is beneficial to improve the economy and environmental protection of the system.
【学位授予单位】：兰州理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM727

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