氢氧化镍的改性及其电化学电容性能的研究
发布时间：2018-08-23 21:32
【摘要】：超级电容器是一种具有高功率密度、高能量密度、高充放电效率、良好的可逆性、长循环寿命及无污染等特点的新型储能元件。氢氧化镍具有非常高的理论比容量,价格也很低廉,是一种非常有前景的电极材料,但氢氧化镍的电子导电性差,循环性能不佳,本文采用原位生长法,利用XRD、SEM、EDS、TEM等物理表征手段,结合循环伏安、交流阻抗、恒电流充放电等电化学性能测试,系统研究了添加Co元素和表面活性剂对材料的形貌、结构和电化学性能产生的影响,从而实现材料的改性研究。制备的Co_xNi_(1-x)(OH)_2(x=0.05,0.10, 0.15和0.20)复合物电极为纯相,且晶型没有改变,随着Co元素含量的增加,材料的结晶度变差。Co_xNi_(1-x)(OH)_2(x=0.05, 0.10,0.15和0.20)的形貌与β-Ni(OH)_2的球形结构不同,但仍为片状结构。EDS分析表明复合物中钴镍的实际含量与原溶液中的物料配比相一致,且钴镍元素分布均匀。随着Co含量的增加,而复合物材料的比容量值出现了先增大后减小的现象,Co_(0.15)Ni_(0.85)(OH)_2的比容量值最大为1464.7 F·g-1,远远高于β-Ni(OH)_2电极的1030.2 F·g-1。当放电电流密度从1 A·g-1增加为6 A·g-1时,β-Ni(OH)_2电极的比容量保持率仅为37.5%,而Co_(0.15)Ni_(0.85)(OH)_2的比容量保持率为73.9%,并且循环稳定性得到很大提高,循环500圈后,比容量保持率在86%以上。通过在生长溶液中添加表面活性剂SDBS、CTAB、PVP,来研究不同表面活性剂对材料的物理性能和电化学性能的影响,加入CTAB的β-Ni(OH)_2电极显示出良好的电化学可逆性和高的比容量,因而对CTAB进行进一步的研究。通过在生长溶液中添加表面活性剂CTAB,来研究表面活性剂的添加量对材料的物理性能和电化学性能的影响,得到最佳添加量。当CTAB的添加量为0.03 g样品的纳米片最薄,且纳米片间有很大的空隙,利于电解液的渗入,当放电电流密度为1 A·g-1、2A·g-1、4A·g-1、6A·g-1 时,该样品产生的比容量依次为 1540.7 F·g-1 1365.8 F·g-1、1167.5 F·g-1 1019.4 F·g-1,500圈的循环测试后比容量保持率在77%以上。
[Abstract]:Supercapacitor is a new type of energy storage element with high power density, high energy density, high charge and discharge efficiency, good reversibility, long cycle life and no pollution. Nickel hydroxide has a very high theoretical specific capacity and low price. It is a promising electrode material, but its electronic conductivity is poor and its cycling performance is poor. In this paper, the in-situ growth method is used. The effects of adding Co elements and surfactants on the morphology, structure and electrochemical properties of the materials were systematically studied by means of physical characterization such as XRD,SEM,EDS,TEM, cyclic voltammetry, AC impedance, constant current charge-discharge and so on. Thus, the modification of materials was studied. The Co_xNi_ (1-x) (OH) _ (0.05) 0.10,0.15 and 0.20) composite electrodes prepared were pure phase, and the crystal form remained unchanged. With the increase of the content of Co elements, the crystallinity of the Co_xNi_ (1-x) (OH) _ (1-x) (OH) _ 2 (x0. 05, 0. 10 ~ 0. 15 and 0. 20) was different from the spherical structure of 尾 -Ni (OH) 2. However, the results of EDS analysis show that the actual content of cobalt and nickel in the complex is consistent with that in the original solution, and the distribution of cobalt and nickel elements is uniform. With the increase of Co content, the specific capacity of the composite material increases first and then decreases. The maximum specific capacity of Co0.15 Ni_ (0.85) (OH) _ 2) is 1464.7 F g-1, which is much higher than that of 尾 -Ni (OH) 2 electrode (1030.2 F g-1). When the discharge current density was increased from 1 A g ~ (-1) to 6 A g ~ (-1), the specific capacity retention rate of 尾 -Ni (OH) _ 2 electrode was only 37.5%, while that of Co_ (0.15) Ni_ (0.85) (OH) _ 2 was 73.9%, and the cycle stability was greatly improved. The specific capacity retention rate of 尾 -Ni (OH) _ 2 electrode was over 86% after 500 cycles. The effects of different surfactants on the physical and electrochemical properties of the materials were studied by adding surfactant SDBS,CTAB,PVP, in the growth solution. The 尾 -Ni (OH) _ 2 electrode added with CTAB showed good electrochemical reversibility and high specific capacity. Therefore, further research on CTAB is carried out. By adding surfactant CTAB, to the growth solution, the influence of the amount of surfactant on the physical and electrochemical properties of the material was studied, and the optimum addition amount was obtained. When the amount of CTAB was 0.03 g, the nanocrystalline was the thinnest, and there was a large gap between the nanoparticles, which was favorable for the electrolyte infiltration, and when the discharge current density was 1 Ag-1, 2A g-1, 4A, g-1, 6Ag-1, and when the discharge current density was 1 Ag-1, 2A g-1, 4A, g-1, 6Ag-1, The specific capacity of the sample was 1540.7 F g -1 1365.8 F g -1, 1167.5 F g -1 1019.4 F g 1500 cycles, and the specific capacity retention was over 77%.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM53;TQ138.13
本文编号：2199980
[Abstract]:Supercapacitor is a new type of energy storage element with high power density, high energy density, high charge and discharge efficiency, good reversibility, long cycle life and no pollution. Nickel hydroxide has a very high theoretical specific capacity and low price. It is a promising electrode material, but its electronic conductivity is poor and its cycling performance is poor. In this paper, the in-situ growth method is used. The effects of adding Co elements and surfactants on the morphology, structure and electrochemical properties of the materials were systematically studied by means of physical characterization such as XRD,SEM,EDS,TEM, cyclic voltammetry, AC impedance, constant current charge-discharge and so on. Thus, the modification of materials was studied. The Co_xNi_ (1-x) (OH) _ (0.05) 0.10,0.15 and 0.20) composite electrodes prepared were pure phase, and the crystal form remained unchanged. With the increase of the content of Co elements, the crystallinity of the Co_xNi_ (1-x) (OH) _ (1-x) (OH) _ 2 (x0. 05, 0. 10 ~ 0. 15 and 0. 20) was different from the spherical structure of 尾 -Ni (OH) 2. However, the results of EDS analysis show that the actual content of cobalt and nickel in the complex is consistent with that in the original solution, and the distribution of cobalt and nickel elements is uniform. With the increase of Co content, the specific capacity of the composite material increases first and then decreases. The maximum specific capacity of Co0.15 Ni_ (0.85) (OH) _ 2) is 1464.7 F g-1, which is much higher than that of 尾 -Ni (OH) 2 electrode (1030.2 F g-1). When the discharge current density was increased from 1 A g ~ (-1) to 6 A g ~ (-1), the specific capacity retention rate of 尾 -Ni (OH) _ 2 electrode was only 37.5%, while that of Co_ (0.15) Ni_ (0.85) (OH) _ 2 was 73.9%, and the cycle stability was greatly improved. The specific capacity retention rate of 尾 -Ni (OH) _ 2 electrode was over 86% after 500 cycles. The effects of different surfactants on the physical and electrochemical properties of the materials were studied by adding surfactant SDBS,CTAB,PVP, in the growth solution. The 尾 -Ni (OH) _ 2 electrode added with CTAB showed good electrochemical reversibility and high specific capacity. Therefore, further research on CTAB is carried out. By adding surfactant CTAB, to the growth solution, the influence of the amount of surfactant on the physical and electrochemical properties of the material was studied, and the optimum addition amount was obtained. When the amount of CTAB was 0.03 g, the nanocrystalline was the thinnest, and there was a large gap between the nanoparticles, which was favorable for the electrolyte infiltration, and when the discharge current density was 1 Ag-1, 2A g-1, 4A, g-1, 6Ag-1, and when the discharge current density was 1 Ag-1, 2A g-1, 4A, g-1, 6Ag-1, The specific capacity of the sample was 1540.7 F g -1 1365.8 F g -1, 1167.5 F g -1 1019.4 F g 1500 cycles, and the specific capacity retention was over 77%.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM53;TQ138.13
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