非传统电子式电压传感器研究

发布时间：2018-08-29 08:01

【摘要】：传统的电压互感器绝缘成本高、测量频带窄、动态范围小、难以适应电力系统数字化的发展要求。本文研究了两种非传统原理的电子式电压传感器,其中静电振膜式电压传感器综合运用光纤技术、微电子技术,绝缘简单可靠、测量频带宽、动态范围大,通过选用合适的薄膜可以实现很好的测量效果；基于平行板电容分压的电子式电压传感器结构简单、绝缘可靠、成本低,测量精度在允许的范围内。可以用于电压监控。本文论述了基于静电驱动微结构的静电振膜式电压互感器的基本原理：在极板高压产生的电场作用下,受极化而带静电荷的薄膜会产生位移,通过测量薄膜的位移可以得出被测电压的大小。分析了静电振膜物理模型中薄膜的受力运动情况,推导出了薄膜受迫振动方程,并求解出薄膜振动位移表达式。求解结果证明薄膜振动位移与被测电压的线性关系。并通过建模与仿真,测试振膜传感器的测量准确度,理论上可以达到测量0.1级的准确度要求。结合国际电工委员会给出的电子式电压互感器设计标准,提出了静电振膜式电压互感器的总设计方案框图,并分别介绍了各个部分的具体实现方法。接着,提出了一种平行电极板电容分压器作为电子式电压互感器的一次传感器,并对其稳态特性和暂态特性进行了分析,并结合分析结果,进行参数优化设计,使得分压器满足暂态特性的要求。结合国际电工委员会给出的电子式电压互感器设计标准,给出了平行板电容器电压传感器的设计方案,并分别介绍了各个部分的具体实现方法。最后,结合电子式电压互感器的校验标准以及国家标准对电子式电压互感器的准确度规定,根据对电子式互感器误差的定义,分别对静电振膜式电压传感器及电子式电压传感器的原理样机进行了测试。试验结果表明：静电振膜式电压传感器的原理样机与平行板电容分压式电子式电压传感器的原理样机均可以达到测量3.0级的准确度要求。
[Abstract]:Traditional voltage transformers have high insulation cost, narrow measuring frequency band and small dynamic range, so it is difficult to adapt to the development of power system digitization. In this paper, two kinds of unconventional electronic voltage sensors are studied. Among them, electrostatic diaphragm type voltage sensors are based on optical fiber technology, microelectronic technology, simple and reliable insulation, frequency bandwidth measurement, and wide dynamic range. The electronic voltage sensor based on parallel plate capacitance is simple in structure, reliable in insulation, low in cost, and its measuring precision is within the allowable range. Can be used for voltage monitoring. In this paper, the basic principle of electrostatic diaphragm voltage transformer based on electrostatic-driven microstructure is described. Under the action of electric field produced by high voltage of polar plate, the film with static charge will produce displacement under the action of electric field produced by high voltage of polar plate. The measured voltage can be obtained by measuring the displacement of the film. In this paper, the force motion of the film in the physical model of electrostatic vibration film is analyzed, the forced vibration equation of the film is derived, and the displacement expression of the film vibration is obtained. The results show the linear relationship between the vibration displacement of the film and the measured voltage. Through modeling and simulation, the measurement accuracy of the diaphragm sensor is tested. Theoretically, the accuracy requirement of 0.1 level measurement can be achieved. Combined with the design standard of electronic voltage transformer given by the International Electrotechnical Commission, the general design scheme block diagram of electrostatic diaphragm type voltage transformer is put forward, and the concrete realization methods of each part are introduced respectively. Then, a parallel electrode plate capacitor divider is proposed as the primary sensor of electronic voltage transformer, and its steady and transient characteristics are analyzed. The voltage divider can meet the requirements of transient characteristics. Based on the design standard of electronic voltage transformer presented by the International Electrotechnical Commission, the design scheme of the voltage sensor for parallel plate capacitor is given, and the specific implementation methods of each part are introduced. Finally, combined with the calibration standard of electronic voltage transformer and the accuracy stipulation of national standard for electronic voltage transformer, according to the definition of error of electronic transformer, The principle prototypes of electrostatic diaphragm voltage sensor and electronic voltage sensor are tested. The experimental results show that the principle prototype of electrostatic diaphragm voltage sensor and the principle prototype of parallel plate capacitive split voltage electronic voltage sensor can meet the accuracy requirement of measuring 3.0 level.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM451

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