发电机故障时风力发电机组的动态特性仿真研究

发布时间：2018-08-30 10:49

【摘要】：随着陆上风电技术研究日渐成熟，我国海上风电的发展已经从理论阶段进入到工程应用阶段，潮间带风电场与近海风电场建设所需的固定式风力发电机组已投入使用。海上风力机运行在非常复杂与恶劣的环境下，包括风、波浪、海流、海冰、地震以及海水腐蚀等，面对如此恶劣的自然环境，提升风力机抵抗外部环境破坏的能力显得尤为重要。因此，本文以海上单桩式风力发电机组为研究对象，结合风波联合作用下风力机的载荷特性，重点研究发电机故障时风电机组的动态特性，对保证风力机的安全稳定运行具有重要意义，同时也为海上风电机组结构与控制系统设计提供科学依据。首先，介绍了国内外风力发电研究现状以及风力发电技术研究动态，在当今海上风电发展大背景下，结合工程实际应用提出本文研究课题。其次，采用NREL海上单桩式5MW风力机数据，基于FAST软件建立风力发电机组模型，包括叶片模型、支撑结构模型、控制系统模型等，其他参数需要在主输入文件中设置。再次，考虑空气动力载荷、重力载荷、惯性力载荷以及波浪载荷的共同作用，研究湍流风、随机波联合作用下风力发电机组的动态特性。建立三维湍流风场与计算波浪力，利用叶素-动量理论计算叶片上的空气动力载荷并加载到叶片上，同时使用莫里森方程计算波浪力并加载到支撑结构上。依据IEC标准，研究了多工况下风力机叶片与支撑结构的载荷特性，分析风波联合作用对风力机叶片与塔筒的影响。最后，，介绍了常见的发电机故障类型，建立发电机故障模型，在已有风力发电机组模型的基础上，研究发电机故障时风电机组的动态特性，并给出故障后不同控制条件下的仿真结果，通过对比分析为设计合理的控制策略提供参考。
[Abstract]:With the development of onshore wind power technology, the development of offshore wind power in China has moved from the theoretical stage to the engineering application stage, and the fixed wind turbines needed for the construction of intertidal wind farms and offshore wind farms have been put into use. Offshore wind turbines operate in very complex and harsh environments, including wind, waves, currents, sea ice, earthquakes and seawater corrosion. It is particularly important to enhance the wind turbine's ability to resist damage to the external environment. Therefore, this paper takes the offshore single-pile wind turbine as the research object, combined with the load characteristics of the wind turbine under the combined wind wave, focuses on the dynamic characteristics of the wind turbine when the generator is in trouble. It is of great significance to ensure the safe and stable operation of wind turbine, and also provide scientific basis for the structure and control system design of offshore wind turbine. Firstly, this paper introduces the current situation of wind power research at home and abroad and the research trends of wind power technology. Under the background of the development of offshore wind power, combined with the practical application of engineering, this paper puts forward the research topic of this paper. Secondly, the wind turbine model, including blade model, support structure model, control system model, and other parameters need to be set up in the main input file based on NREL offshore single pile 5MW wind turbine data and based on FAST software. Thirdly, considering the combined action of aerodynamic load, gravity load, inertial force load and wave load, the dynamic characteristics of wind turbine under the combined action of turbulent wind and random wave are studied. Three-dimensional turbulent wind field and wave force are established. The aerodynamic load on the blade is calculated by the theory of leaf element momentum and loaded on the blade. The wave force is calculated by using Morrison equation and loaded on the supporting structure. According to IEC standard, the load characteristics of wind turbine blade and support structure under multi-working conditions are studied, and the influence of wind wave combined action on wind turbine blade and tower tube is analyzed. Finally, the common types of generator fault are introduced, and the generator fault model is established. Based on the existing wind turbine model, the dynamic characteristics of wind turbine are studied. The simulation results under different control conditions after failure are given, and a reference is provided for the design of reasonable control strategy through comparative analysis.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM315

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