真空断路器工频电弧伏安特性研究

发布时间：2018-09-03 20:54

【摘要】：真空断路器作为电力生产和运行中的保护和开断设备,现已在电力,化工,石油,冶金,煤炭,高层建筑及电气化铁道等领域得到广泛应用。它具有普通开关所具备的一般性能,也就是其回路主体可以实现绝缘体和导体之间的快速转换。且具有体积小、无污染、开断能力强、重量轻、熄弧能力好以及使用寿命长等特性.被广泛地应用在电力系统中。从而研究真空开关的特性逐渐成为目前新型开关电器领域的核心课题之一。论文用Rogowksi线圈作为电流传感器,充分利用了其结构简单,精度高,线性度好,抗干扰能力强,使用安全便捷,易于实现数字化,更重要的是其空心线圈无磁饱和问题的优点,实现了电弧电流的采集,并获得了其真空电弧特性。更加突出了本论文的研究意义所在。本文首先介绍了课题研究背景、国内外真空断路器的发展和研究现状,阐述了前人的研究成果及真空开关电弧的主要基本特性。并通过气体放电理论介绍了电弧产生的基本机理和形成原因；结合真空电弧理论研究了电弧的产生,燃烧、以及熄灭的过程机理。并结合真空灭弧室的结构分析了真空断路器开断故障电流的原理。本文研究了Rogowksi线圈电流传感器的工作机理。然后对Rogowksi线圈传感器进行了结构分析和参数设计。并结合不同的磁芯材料,绕线匝数及积分电阻因素给出了Rogowski线圈幅频,相频及暂态时间响应特性的仿真分析。最后验证了按照预先设计的Rogowksi线圈传感器可以实现电弧电流的精确测量。。为描述真空断路器的工频电弧伏安特性,首先搭建了研究真空断路器的电弧特性实验平台,分析了真空电弧电压和电流值的变化对应关系；并通过调整触头开距研究了触头开距对真空电弧电压特性的影响,深化并充实了课题内容。
[Abstract]:Vacuum circuit breaker is widely used in electric power, chemical industry, petroleum, metallurgy, coal, high-rise building, electrified railway and so on. It has the general energy of the ordinary switch, that is, the main body of the circuit can realize the fast conversion between insulator and conductor. It has the characteristics of small volume, no pollution, strong breaking ability, light weight, good arc extinguishing ability and long service life. It is widely used in power system. Therefore, the study of the characteristics of vacuum switches has gradually become one of the core topics in the field of new type switchgear. In this paper, Rogowksi coil is used as current sensor, which makes full use of its advantages of simple structure, high precision, good linearity, strong anti-interference ability, safe and convenient use, easy to realize digitization, and more importantly, its hollow coil has no magnetic saturation. The acquisition of arc current is realized, and the vacuum arc characteristic is obtained. It also highlights the significance of this paper. This paper first introduces the research background, the development and current situation of vacuum circuit breaker at home and abroad, and describes the previous research results and the main basic characteristics of vacuum switch arc. The basic mechanism and cause of arc formation are introduced through the theory of gas discharge, and the mechanism of arc generation, combustion and extinction is studied in combination with the theory of vacuum arc. Combined with the structure of vacuum interrupter, the principle of breaking fault current of vacuum circuit breaker is analyzed. The working mechanism of Rogowksi coil current sensor is studied in this paper. Then the structure analysis and parameter design of Rogowksi coil sensor are carried out. The amplitude frequency, phase frequency and transient time response characteristics of Rogowski coils are simulated and analyzed in combination with different core materials, winding turns and integral resistance factors. Finally, it is verified that the arc current can be accurately measured by the pre-designed Rogowksi coil sensor. In order to describe the arc volt-ampere characteristics of vacuum circuit breakers, an experimental platform is set up to study the arc characteristics of vacuum circuit breakers, and the relationship between the variation of vacuum arc voltage and current value is analyzed. The influence of the contact distance on the voltage characteristics of vacuum arc is studied by adjusting the contact opening distance, which deepens and enriches the subject content.
【学位授予单位】：长沙理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM561.2
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本文编号：2221137