高铁永磁同步电机有限元模型与控制电路的联合仿真研究

发布时间：2018-09-09 12:36

【摘要】：近年,我国高速铁路的建设发展迅速,总运营里程已是世界首位,占全世界高速铁路总运营里程的一半。日益增加的高铁线路也带来了更大的能耗需求。目前,运营中的高速列车大部分都采用成熟的异步牵引传动系统。为了提高能源利用率,减少能量损失,永磁同步牵引传动系统已受到世界各铁路强国的广泛关注,并取得了一系列的研究成果。相较于异步牵引传动系统,永磁同步牵引传动系统还有功率密度高、功率因数高、噪声小、可实现无齿轮箱的直接传动等优点。针对永磁同步牵引传动系统,本文完成了以下工作。使用有限元软件设计了永磁同步牵引电机的模型,结合永磁同步牵引系统中的弱磁控制原理,研究了弱磁电流对电机参数、输出转矩、功率损耗等的影响。构建了结合永磁同步牵引电机有限元模型、控制电路、控制策略的联合仿真模型,该联合仿真模型能够充分考虑运行过程中电机参数受转速、磁饱和程度、转子位置等的影响,仿真结果更贴近实际。将联合仿真结果与采用固定电机参数的传统仿真结果,以及采用正弦电流激励的电机有限元模型的响应对比,以研究电机参数改变对系统响应的影响,以及SVPWM供电与正弦供电的差别。基于上述联合仿真模型,对比分析了两种过分相策略下永磁同步牵引系统的响应,验证了转矩为零、弱磁电流保持的过分相方案相较于逆变器闭锁的过分相方案的一系列优点,并体现了谐波反电势对过分相期间直流母线电压的影响。设计了列车在高速段由SVPWM控制平稳转向单脉冲控制的策略,并采用联合仿真模型验证了切换瞬间速度平稳、电流未增大。分析了单脉冲控制下的电流、反电势响应；对比了单脉冲控制与不同开关频率下的SVPWM控制的转矩、速度响应和电机功率损耗。结果表明,单脉冲控制不仅可以减小电机所需电流,减少反电势中的谐波分量,使得反电势峰值明显减小,还能减少电机功率；而且单脉冲用最小的开关频率获得了比开关频率不足时的SVPWM控制更平稳的输出转矩。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the construction of high-speed railway in China has developed rapidly, and the total operating mileage is the first in the world, accounting for half of the total operating mileage of high-speed railway in the world. The increasing number of high-speed rail lines has also brought greater demand for energy consumption. At present, most high-speed trains in operation adopt mature asynchronous traction transmission system. In order to improve energy efficiency and reduce energy loss, permanent magnet synchronous traction drive system has been widely concerned by the world's railway powers, and a series of research results have been obtained. Compared with the asynchronous traction transmission system, the permanent magnet synchronous traction drive system has the advantages of high power density, high power factor, low noise, and can realize direct transmission without gearbox. Aiming at the permanent magnet synchronous traction drive system, the following work has been accomplished in this paper. The model of permanent magnet synchronous traction motor (PMSM) is designed by using finite element software, and the influence of weak current on motor parameters, output torque and power loss is studied in combination with the principle of weak magnetic field control in PMSS. Combined with the finite element model, control circuit and control strategy of permanent magnet synchronous traction motor (PMSM), the joint simulation model is constructed. The combined simulation model can fully consider the influence of rotor speed, magnetic saturation degree and rotor position on motor parameters during operation. The simulation results are closer to reality. The joint simulation results are compared with the traditional simulation results using fixed motor parameters and the response of the finite element model of the motor excited by sinusoidal current, in order to study the effect of motor parameters change on the system response. And the difference between SVPWM power supply and sinusoidal power supply. Based on the above joint simulation model, the response of the permanent magnet synchronous traction system under two kinds of over-phase strategies is compared and analyzed. It is verified that the over-phase scheme with zero torque and weak magnetic current retention has a series of advantages over the over-phase scheme of inverter latching. The effect of harmonic reverse EMF on DC bus voltage during phase transition is also demonstrated. The strategy of steady steering single pulse control by SVPWM in high speed section is designed, and the joint simulation model is used to verify that the switching speed is stable and the current is not increasing. The current and back EMF responses under monopulse control are analyzed, and the torque, velocity response and motor power loss of monopulse control and SVPWM control at different switching frequencies are compared. The results show that monopulse control can not only reduce the required current and harmonic component of the motor, but also reduce the power of the motor. Moreover, the output torque of monopulse with minimum switching frequency is more stable than that of SVPWM control with insufficient switching frequency.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U238;TM341

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