电动自行车无刷直流电机控制系统研究与设计

发布时间：2018-09-11 06:53

【摘要】：电动自行车以其便捷、实用等优点已成为越来越多市民短途出行的代步工具。与早期用直流电机驱动的电动自行车相比,目前普遍采用无刷直流电机进行驱动,电动自行车在舒适性、可操作性上得到了有效改善,但仍然存在行驶里程短,续航能力不足等问题。如何提高电动自行车的续航能力是该产业研究的热点。因而研究电动自行车的能量回馈,提高其续航能力具有重要的理论意义与较高的实践应用价值。本课题主要研究工作如下：介绍了电动自行车的发展历史及其相关控制技术的研究现状,并重点分析了电动自行车能量回馈控制技术的研究现状,详细分析了无刷直流电机的结构特点、运行原理及其数学模型。对电动自行车制动过程中的能量回馈方法进行了研究,分析了无刷直流电机能量回馈的基本原理,分析并比较了半桥斩波和全桥斩波两种调制方式下的回馈制动过程和数学模型,并在此基础上,提出了基于半桥斩波的电动自行车能量回馈制动的控制策略。设计了DSP最小系统电路、电源电路、功率逆变电路、逆变桥驱动电路、电流检测电路、过流过压保护电路、PWM同相保护电路、信号处理电路、隔离滤波电路、液晶显示电路等硬件电路。完成了位置信号采集程序、电机拖动控制程序、能量回馈控制程序、转速计算程序、转速PI闭环调节程序、欠压和过流保护程序、显示程序等软件设计。搭建了以TMS320F2812为核心的电动自行车控制系统实验平台,并进行了联机调试,实验结果表明,本文所设计的电动自行车控制系统很好地实现了对电动自行车的控制,表现出了良好的稳定性,并有效的提高了电动自行车的续航能力。
[Abstract]:With its convenience and practicality, electric bicycle has become a walking tool for more and more citizens to travel for short distances. Compared with the early electric bicycle driven by DC motor, brushless DC motor is widely used to drive the electric bicycle. The comfort and maneuverability of the electric bicycle are improved effectively, but the driving mileage is still short. Problems such as insufficient endurance. How to improve the endurance of electric bicycle is a hot spot in this industry. Therefore, it is of great theoretical significance and high practical application value to study the energy feedback of electric bicycle and improve its endurance. The main research work of this paper is as follows: the development history of the electric bicycle and the research status of the related control technology are introduced, and the research status of the energy feedback control technology of the electric bicycle is analyzed emphatically. The structure characteristics, operation principle and mathematical model of brushless DC motor are analyzed in detail. The energy feedback method in the braking process of electric bicycle is studied, and the basic principle of energy feedback of brushless DC motor is analyzed. This paper analyzes and compares the feedback braking process and mathematical model of half-bridge chopper and full-bridge chopper, and puts forward the control strategy of energy feedback braking for electric bicycle based on half-bridge chopper. The DSP minimum system circuit, power supply circuit, power inverter circuit, inverter bridge drive circuit, current detection circuit, overvoltage protection circuit, signal processing circuit, isolation filter circuit are designed. Liquid crystal display circuit and other hardware circuits. Position signal acquisition program, motor drive control program, energy feedback control program, speed calculation program, speed PI closed-loop adjustment program, under-voltage and over-current protection program, display program and other software design. The experimental platform of the electric bicycle control system based on TMS320F2812 is built, and the on-line debugging is carried out. The experimental results show that the control system of the electric bicycle designed in this paper realizes the control of the electric bicycle very well. It shows good stability and effectively improves the ability of electric bicycle.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM33;U484

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