基于模型的风电齿轮箱故障检测

发布时间：2018-09-11 09:39

【摘要】：随着风电机组输出功率的增大,风电机组的齿轮箱体积也迅速增大；另外,随着风电场开发由陆上拓展为海上,维护成本显著上升,因而对体积不断增大的风电齿轮箱的故障监测和故障预警变得尤为重要。由于风电机组具有变转速的运行特点,这对基于传统信号分析手段的故障检测开发提出了挑战。传统的风电机组齿轮箱状态监控系统主要是基于振动信号进行故障检测,这对具有高频信号特征的故障类型有效,然而却对诸如具有低转速特点的部件效果不明显。因此,本论文论述了基于模型的风力发电机齿轮箱故障诊断的研究结果,从系统的角度进行故障物理机制分析,发掘齿轮箱不同故障模式下的故障特征,论证了风电机组传动系统效率降低以及控制策略与齿轮箱润滑油温之间的关系；在此基础上,进一步利用SCADA采集系统的低频信号进行故障特征论证、提取和新型检测算法的开发。本论文首先对风电机组的机理、组成部件及其子系统和SCADA系统进行了一定的介绍。其次,在风电机组系统原理和传动分析的基础上,建立基于MATLAB/Simulink建立齿轮箱的传动系统模型,进行了风电机组整机模型的仿真开发。模型包括5个主要组成部分：1)随机风模型；2)叶轮空气动力学；3)传动链模型；4)发电机模型以及5)系统控制策略。然后,通过对齿轮箱润滑系统热力学过程的分析,建立能量损耗过程的动态模型,并将其嵌入整机模型中。通过在风电系统中引入齿轮箱的系统故障,对比机组在健康和故障条件下的差异获得故障特征。并且利用该模型对风电齿轮箱润滑系统漏油故障进行了特征预测。最后,本论文进一步对比了风力发电机组在速度控制和力矩控制这两种控制策略下,风电机组在同等故障模式下的特征差异,分析了不同的控制策略对风电机组故障特征的影响。通过以上的研究,本论文总结了风电齿轮箱不同故障模式下的故障特征,为未来的风电机组智能状态监控系统开发提供了理论基础。
[Abstract]:With the increase of wind turbine output power, the volume of gearbox of wind turbine increases rapidly. In addition, as wind farm development expands from onshore to offshore, the maintenance cost increases significantly. Therefore, it is very important to monitor and warn the faults of wind power gearbox with increasing volume. Since wind turbine has the characteristics of variable speed, it challenges the development of fault detection based on traditional signal analysis method. The traditional gearbox condition monitoring system of wind turbine is mainly based on vibration signal to detect the fault, which is effective for the fault type with high frequency signal, but the effect is not obvious for the components with low rotational speed. Therefore, this paper discusses the research results of the wind turbine gearbox fault diagnosis based on the model, analyzes the fault physical mechanism from the point of view of the system, and excavates the fault characteristics under different fault modes of the gearbox. The relationship between the efficiency reduction of wind turbine transmission system and the control strategy and the temperature of the gear box lubricating oil is demonstrated. On this basis, the fault characteristics are further demonstrated by using the low frequency signals of the SCADA acquisition system. Extraction and development of new detection algorithms. In this paper, the mechanism, components, subsystems and SCADA system of wind turbine are introduced. Secondly, on the basis of wind turbine system principle and transmission analysis, the gearbox transmission system model based on MATLAB/Simulink is established, and the simulation development of wind turbine whole machine model is carried out. The model consists of five main components: 1) stochastic wind model, 2) impeller aerodynamics, 3) transmission chain model, 4) generator model, and 5) system control strategy. Then, by analyzing the thermodynamic process of the gear box lubrication system, the dynamic model of the energy loss process is established and embedded into the whole machine model. By introducing the gearbox into the wind power system, the fault characteristics are obtained by comparing the difference of the unit under the condition of health and fault. The model is used to predict the oil leakage in the lubrication system of wind power gearbox. Finally, the paper compares the characteristics of wind turbine in the same fault mode under speed control and torque control. The influence of different control strategies on the fault characteristics of wind turbine is analyzed. Through the above research, this paper summarizes the fault characteristics of wind turbine gearbox under different fault modes, and provides a theoretical basis for the future development of wind turbine intelligent state monitoring system.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM315

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