基于掺氯有机金属卤化物钙钛矿材料的高效太阳能电池研究
发布时间：2018-09-11 12:22
【摘要】：钙钛矿太阳能电池是一种非常有前景的基于有机无机杂化材料的光伏体系,相比与其他种类的太阳能电池,钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究发展的非常迅速。钙钛矿类材料具有非常优异的晶体学特征及光电性能。首先,钙钛矿材料拥有近乎完美的结晶度,这是砷化镓和晶体硅等无机太阳能电池材料共有的特征,但制造完美的无机太阳能材料通常需要非常高的温度、昂贵的真空设备和复杂的生长工艺,而高结晶度的钙钛矿类材料能在低温下,通过简易的化学方法合成。同时,钙钛矿类材料具有优异的光吸收性能,此类材料带隙宽度合适,约为1.5 eV,光吸收能力比有机染料高10倍以上,400 nm厚的薄膜即可吸收紫外-近红外光谱范围内的所有光子[1]。另一方面,钙钛矿类材料具有长程载流子扩散性能,掺氯的甲胺基卤化铅的载流子有效扩散长度超过了1μm,是有机太阳能电池材料扩散长度的100倍。再者,钙钛矿类电池光电转换过程的基本能量损失很小,约为0.4 eV,而商业化的单晶硅电池能量损失也约为0.4 eV,这个特性远优于传统的染料敏化电池(0.8 eV)。本研究提出基于钙钛矿类材料的平面异质结太阳能电池的制备思路,采用氯化铅和碘甲胺为原料反应生成杂化钙钛矿材料CH3NH3PbIxCl3-x,作为太阳能电池的光吸收层,采用FTO作为透明导电电极作为电子收集层,并采用旋涂工艺分别制备出电子传输层(二氧化钛致密层)、光吸收层(钙钛矿层)和空穴传输层,通过热蒸镀技术蒸镀金作为空穴收集层,舍弃了传统敏化太阳能电池中的介孔Ti02层,简化了器件结构和制备工艺,制备出的平面异质结薄膜太阳能电池。本研究分别采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计对电池材料的晶体结构、形貌、吸收光谱进行检测。电池的性能参数是在AM1.5模拟光源,100 mW/cm2的光强的标准条件下进行测试,沉积5层钙钛矿材料的电池平均光电转换效率达到9.05%,最优性能电池的光电转换效率达到10.88%,开路电压0.88 V,短路电流23.71 mA/cm2,填充因子52.7%。
[Abstract]:Perovskite solar cells are a promising photovoltaic system based on organic-inorganic hybrid materials. Compared with other kinds of solar cells, perovskite solar cells are developing rapidly. Perovskite materials have excellent crystallographic and optoelectronic properties. First, perovskite materials have near-perfect crystallinity, which is a common feature of inorganic solar cell materials such as gallium arsenide and crystalline silicon, but making perfect inorganic solar materials usually requires very high temperatures. Expensive vacuum equipment and complex growth process, and high crystallinity perovskite materials can be synthesized by simple chemical method at low temperature. At the same time, perovskite materials have excellent optical absorption properties. The band gap width of the perovskite materials is suitable, and the photons in the range of UV-NIR spectra can be absorbed by thin films which are more than 10 times thicker than those of organic dyes at about 1. 5 eV,. On the other hand, perovskite materials have long range carrier diffusion properties. The effective carrier diffusion length of chlorinated lead methamidohalide is over 1 渭 m, which is 100 times longer than that of organic solar cell materials. Furthermore, the basic energy loss of perovskite cell photovoltaic conversion process is very small, which is about 0.4 eV, and that of commercial monocrystalline silicon cell is about 0.4 eV, which is much better than that of traditional dye sensitized cell (0.8 eV). In this study, the preparation of planar heterojunction solar cells based on perovskite materials was proposed. The hybrid perovskite material CH3NH3PbIxCl3-x, was used as the photoabsorption layer of solar cells by the reaction of lead chloride and iodomethylamine. FTO was used as the electron collecting layer, and the electron transport layer (titanium dioxide dense layer), photoabsorption layer (perovskite layer) and hole transport layer were prepared by spin-coating process. The thin film solar cells with plane heterojunction were fabricated by using thermal evaporation as the hole collection layer, the mesoporous Ti02 layer in the traditional sensitized solar cells was abandoned, and the device structure and fabrication process were simplified. In this study, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and UV-Vis near infrared spectrophotometer were used to detect the crystal structure, morphology and absorption spectrum of the battery material. The performance parameters of the battery are tested under the standard condition of the light intensity of the AM1.5 analog light source of 100 mW/cm2. The average photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery deposited with 5 layers of perovskite material is 9.05, the optimum performance of the battery is 10.88, the open circuit voltage is 0.88V, the short-circuit current is 23.71 mA/cm2, filling factor, and the filling factor is 52.7.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM914.4
[Abstract]:Perovskite solar cells are a promising photovoltaic system based on organic-inorganic hybrid materials. Compared with other kinds of solar cells, perovskite solar cells are developing rapidly. Perovskite materials have excellent crystallographic and optoelectronic properties. First, perovskite materials have near-perfect crystallinity, which is a common feature of inorganic solar cell materials such as gallium arsenide and crystalline silicon, but making perfect inorganic solar materials usually requires very high temperatures. Expensive vacuum equipment and complex growth process, and high crystallinity perovskite materials can be synthesized by simple chemical method at low temperature. At the same time, perovskite materials have excellent optical absorption properties. The band gap width of the perovskite materials is suitable, and the photons in the range of UV-NIR spectra can be absorbed by thin films which are more than 10 times thicker than those of organic dyes at about 1. 5 eV,. On the other hand, perovskite materials have long range carrier diffusion properties. The effective carrier diffusion length of chlorinated lead methamidohalide is over 1 渭 m, which is 100 times longer than that of organic solar cell materials. Furthermore, the basic energy loss of perovskite cell photovoltaic conversion process is very small, which is about 0.4 eV, and that of commercial monocrystalline silicon cell is about 0.4 eV, which is much better than that of traditional dye sensitized cell (0.8 eV). In this study, the preparation of planar heterojunction solar cells based on perovskite materials was proposed. The hybrid perovskite material CH3NH3PbIxCl3-x, was used as the photoabsorption layer of solar cells by the reaction of lead chloride and iodomethylamine. FTO was used as the electron collecting layer, and the electron transport layer (titanium dioxide dense layer), photoabsorption layer (perovskite layer) and hole transport layer were prepared by spin-coating process. The thin film solar cells with plane heterojunction were fabricated by using thermal evaporation as the hole collection layer, the mesoporous Ti02 layer in the traditional sensitized solar cells was abandoned, and the device structure and fabrication process were simplified. In this study, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and UV-Vis near infrared spectrophotometer were used to detect the crystal structure, morphology and absorption spectrum of the battery material. The performance parameters of the battery are tested under the standard condition of the light intensity of the AM1.5 analog light source of 100 mW/cm2. The average photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery deposited with 5 layers of perovskite material is 9.05, the optimum performance of the battery is 10.88, the open circuit voltage is 0.88V, the short-circuit current is 23.71 mA/cm2, filling factor, and the filling factor is 52.7.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM914.4
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