永磁无刷直流电机控制器开发
发布时间：2018-09-11 20:09
【摘要】：无刷直流电机以稀土作为材料,具有体积小、可靠性高、结构简单、维护方便等优点。由于无刷直流电机用电子换相代替了有刷直流电机的机械换相,因而具有有刷直流电机运行效率高、调速性能好等诸多优点。近年来,由于其优良的特性,无刷直流电机被广泛用于航空航天、汽车电子、家用电器、健身器材等很多领域。无刷直流电机位置传感器无法用于一些恶劣环境,会导致系统可靠性降低,同时位置传感器也增加了无刷直流电机的体积和成本,所以自上世纪90年代以来无刷直流电机无位置传感器控制成为业内的重要研究方向。本文首先介绍了永磁无刷直流电机的发展现状与应用前景。然后介绍了无刷直流电机系统的基本组成。在此基础上,分析了无刷直流电机的运行原理并建立了相关的数学模型。结合simulink内的无刷直流控制系统模型,进行了仿真实验,为后续工作提供了理论支持。接下来,结合本人攻读硕士学位期间参与的实际项目,本文采用永磁无刷直流电机一种无需编程的控制策略,即利用BLDCM专用控制芯片的简易正弦波控制。在利用专用控制芯片的简易正弦波控制下,详述了专用控制芯片的内部结构、引脚功能以及控制原理。在完成了硬件电路的设计与调试之后,进行了不同强度负载情况下超前导通角的调节,利用测功机系统测试不同超前导通角运行时控制器的效率,从而选择合适的超前导通角,达到项目要求。在调试过程中,还遇到了超前导通角无法调节的情况,本文在后面进行详述,希望对进行相关项目研究的工作者有借鉴意义。其次,还是结合实际项目,介绍了方波驱动的无刷直流电机无位置传感器控制策略,分析系统组成和运行原理,重点介绍了转子位置信号获取、“三段式”启动和启动模式与闭环模式切换三点关键技术。在分析三点关键技术的基础上,详述了控制器硬件电路结构和软件控制算法。在完成软硬件设计后,用样机进行实验,进而分析实验结果,验证了设计的正确性。再将实验结果和有位置传感器控制进行对比,验证无位置传感器控制的带负载启动能力和正常运行时的效率等问题。最后对全文做了总结,指出了研究工作过程中遇到的困难和不足之处,并对下一步工作做了展望。
[Abstract]:Brushless DC motor with rare earth as material has the advantages of small volume, high reliability, simple structure and convenient maintenance. Because the brushless DC motor uses electronic commutation instead of mechanical commutation of brushless DC motor, it has many advantages, such as high running efficiency and good speed regulation performance of brushless DC motor. In recent years, brushless DC motor has been widely used in aerospace, automotive electronics, household appliances, fitness equipment and other fields due to its excellent characteristics. The position sensor of brushless DC motor can not be used in some bad environment, which will reduce the reliability of the system and increase the volume and cost of brushless DC motor. Since 1990's, position sensorless control of brushless DC motor has become an important research direction. This paper first introduces the development and application prospect of permanent magnet brushless DC motor. Then the basic composition of brushless DC motor system is introduced. On this basis, the operation principle of brushless DC motor is analyzed and the related mathematical model is established. Combined with the brushless DC control system model in simulink, the simulation experiment is carried out, which provides theoretical support for the follow-up work. Then, combining with the actual project that I participated in during my master's degree, this paper adopts a control strategy of permanent magnet brushless DC motor without programming, that is, using the simple sine wave control of BLDCM special control chip. Under the simple sine wave control using special control chip, the internal structure, pin function and control principle of special control chip are described in detail. After the hardware circuit is designed and debugged, the advance conduction angle is adjusted under different load intensity, and the efficiency of the controller is tested by dynamometer system when different leading conduction angles are running, so as to select the appropriate leading conduction angle. Meet project requirements. In the process of debugging, we also encounter the situation that the leading conduction angle can not be adjusted. Secondly, combining with the actual project, this paper introduces the sensorless control strategy of brushless DC motor driven by square wave, analyzes the system composition and operation principle, and emphasizes on the acquisition of rotor position signal. Three key technologies of three-stage start-up and close-loop mode switching. Based on the analysis of three key technologies, the hardware circuit structure and software control algorithm of the controller are described in detail. After the hardware and software design is finished, the experiment is carried out with the prototype, and the experimental results are analyzed to verify the correctness of the design. The experimental results are compared with those of the position-sensorless control to verify the load startup ability and the efficiency in normal operation of the sensorless control. Finally, the paper summarizes the whole paper, points out the difficulties and shortcomings in the research process, and looks forward to the next work.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM33
[Abstract]:Brushless DC motor with rare earth as material has the advantages of small volume, high reliability, simple structure and convenient maintenance. Because the brushless DC motor uses electronic commutation instead of mechanical commutation of brushless DC motor, it has many advantages, such as high running efficiency and good speed regulation performance of brushless DC motor. In recent years, brushless DC motor has been widely used in aerospace, automotive electronics, household appliances, fitness equipment and other fields due to its excellent characteristics. The position sensor of brushless DC motor can not be used in some bad environment, which will reduce the reliability of the system and increase the volume and cost of brushless DC motor. Since 1990's, position sensorless control of brushless DC motor has become an important research direction. This paper first introduces the development and application prospect of permanent magnet brushless DC motor. Then the basic composition of brushless DC motor system is introduced. On this basis, the operation principle of brushless DC motor is analyzed and the related mathematical model is established. Combined with the brushless DC control system model in simulink, the simulation experiment is carried out, which provides theoretical support for the follow-up work. Then, combining with the actual project that I participated in during my master's degree, this paper adopts a control strategy of permanent magnet brushless DC motor without programming, that is, using the simple sine wave control of BLDCM special control chip. Under the simple sine wave control using special control chip, the internal structure, pin function and control principle of special control chip are described in detail. After the hardware circuit is designed and debugged, the advance conduction angle is adjusted under different load intensity, and the efficiency of the controller is tested by dynamometer system when different leading conduction angles are running, so as to select the appropriate leading conduction angle. Meet project requirements. In the process of debugging, we also encounter the situation that the leading conduction angle can not be adjusted. Secondly, combining with the actual project, this paper introduces the sensorless control strategy of brushless DC motor driven by square wave, analyzes the system composition and operation principle, and emphasizes on the acquisition of rotor position signal. Three key technologies of three-stage start-up and close-loop mode switching. Based on the analysis of three key technologies, the hardware circuit structure and software control algorithm of the controller are described in detail. After the hardware and software design is finished, the experiment is carried out with the prototype, and the experimental results are analyzed to verify the correctness of the design. The experimental results are compared with those of the position-sensorless control to verify the load startup ability and the efficiency in normal operation of the sensorless control. Finally, the paper summarizes the whole paper, points out the difficulties and shortcomings in the research process, and looks forward to the next work.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM33
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