电动汽车V2G车载式双向充电机的研究
发布时间：2018-09-14 13:41
【摘要】：V2G(Vehicle to Grid)是指电动汽车与智能电网之间进行能量与信息双向传递的技术。具备V2G功能的电动汽车可以在兼顾自身性能的前提下,向电网提供调峰、调频、无功补偿、旋转备用等服务。双向充电机是电动汽车向电网提供V2G服务的重要物理媒介。目前适用于V2G服务的车载双向充电机是智能电网与电动汽车能量管理的一个研究热点。由于V2G模式要求充电机不仅具有充电功能,还有向电网馈电的功能,与电网互动时需要较宽的功率输出范围内实现高效运行,提高动态响应速度,而且大规模运行时对于谐波要求更严。本文对V2G用车载式充电机及其谐波与效率问题进行研究。基于上述要求对3.3k W的两级式车载双向充电机进行了设计。前级AC-DC变换器采用单相PWM整流电路,后级DC-DC变换器采用双向有源桥式电路。在V2G调频信号控制下,充电机的输出功率范围会变宽,轻载时电流纹波比例变大与电流响应速度变慢而引起过零点畸变。传统的控制器稳态误差也会增加。这些问题都会导致网侧电流谐波含量变大导致电能质量下降。本文给出了准PR控制与电流加权法的网侧电流控制方法,并和传统的分段PI控制等其他几种控制方法的谐波抑制效果行了对比,通过Simulink仿真与实验证明了PR与电流加权复合控制可以将网侧谐波限制在0.32%左右,并提高了系统的动态响应速度。充电机的DC-DC变换器轻载时拓扑中的谐振能量变弱,开关损耗会加剧,使充电机在宽范围输出功率运行时的平均效率偏低。针对这一问题,本文采用了PWM-SPS控制拓展软开关范围,提高DC-DC变换器轻载效率。此外PWM-SPS控制还可以减少DC-DC变换器的高频变压器电流,缓解器件的电流应力,提高系统的可靠性。从实验数据和曲线中可以看出PWM-SPS控制相对于传统的移相控制的充电机效率优势,额定效率达到95%以上,轻载效率提高了6%左右。此外本文还研究了车载双向充电机在传统的充电模式中以及V2G模式的充放电过程的AC-DC变换器与DC-DC变换器的控制配合问题,以及控制充电机向电网回馈有功功率与无功功率的方案。最后通过改进LCL滤波器的结构抑制了谐振频率振荡尖峰,并设计了带有缓冲的驱动电路解决了一部分实验过程中遇到的充电机开关管驱动电路受到干扰以及死区振荡等电磁兼容问题。
[Abstract]:V2G (Vehicle to Grid) refers to the two-way transmission of energy and information between electric vehicles and smart grids. The electric vehicle with V2G function can provide peak shaving, frequency modulation, reactive power compensation, rotating standby and other services to the power grid on the premise of taking into account its own performance. Two-way charger is an important physical medium for electric vehicles to provide V 2 G service to power grid. At present, vehicle bidirectional charger suitable for V2G service is a research hotspot in smart grid and electric vehicle energy management. Since the V2G mode requires that the charger not only has charging function, but also the function of feeding to the power grid, it needs a wide range of power output to achieve efficient operation and improve the dynamic response speed when interacting with the power grid. And large-scale operation for harmonic requirements are more stringent. In this paper, the harmonic and efficiency problems of V 2 G car-mounted charger are studied. Based on the above requirements, a two-stage car-mounted bidirectional charger with 3.3 kW is designed. Single phase PWM rectifier is used in the front AC-DC converter and bidirectional active bridge circuit is used in the back stage DC-DC converter. Under the control of V2G frequency modulation signal, the output power range of the charger will become wider, and the current ripple ratio will become larger and the current response speed will slow down, which will lead to zero crossing distortion. The steady-state error of traditional controller will also increase. These problems will lead to the increase of current harmonics on the grid side, which will lead to the decline of power quality. In this paper, the current control methods of quasi-PR control and current-weighted method are given, and the harmonic suppression effects of other control methods, such as traditional piecewise PI control, are compared. Through Simulink simulation and experiment, it is proved that PR and current-weighted composite control can limit the harmonics of the network side to about 0.32%, and improve the dynamic response speed of the system. The resonant energy in the topology of the DC-DC converter becomes weaker when the load is light, and the switching loss will be aggravated, which makes the average efficiency of the charger low when the output power is wide range. To solve this problem, PWM-SPS control is used to expand the range of soft switching and improve the efficiency of light load of DC-DC converter. In addition, PWM-SPS control can also reduce the high frequency transformer current of DC-DC converter, alleviate the current stress of the device, and improve the reliability of the system. From the experimental data and curves, it can be seen that the efficiency of PWM-SPS control is better than that of traditional phase shift control, the rated efficiency is over 95%, and the efficiency of light load is increased by about 6%. In addition, the control and coordination of AC-DC converter and DC-DC converter in traditional charging mode and V2G mode are also studied in this paper. And the scheme of controlling the charging machine to feedback the active power and reactive power to the power grid. Finally, the resonant frequency oscillation peak is restrained by improving the structure of LCL filter. The drive circuit with buffer is designed to solve the electromagnetic compatibility problems such as interference of switch drive circuit and dead-time oscillation encountered in some experiments.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U469.72;TM910.6
本文编号：2242868
[Abstract]:V2G (Vehicle to Grid) refers to the two-way transmission of energy and information between electric vehicles and smart grids. The electric vehicle with V2G function can provide peak shaving, frequency modulation, reactive power compensation, rotating standby and other services to the power grid on the premise of taking into account its own performance. Two-way charger is an important physical medium for electric vehicles to provide V 2 G service to power grid. At present, vehicle bidirectional charger suitable for V2G service is a research hotspot in smart grid and electric vehicle energy management. Since the V2G mode requires that the charger not only has charging function, but also the function of feeding to the power grid, it needs a wide range of power output to achieve efficient operation and improve the dynamic response speed when interacting with the power grid. And large-scale operation for harmonic requirements are more stringent. In this paper, the harmonic and efficiency problems of V 2 G car-mounted charger are studied. Based on the above requirements, a two-stage car-mounted bidirectional charger with 3.3 kW is designed. Single phase PWM rectifier is used in the front AC-DC converter and bidirectional active bridge circuit is used in the back stage DC-DC converter. Under the control of V2G frequency modulation signal, the output power range of the charger will become wider, and the current ripple ratio will become larger and the current response speed will slow down, which will lead to zero crossing distortion. The steady-state error of traditional controller will also increase. These problems will lead to the increase of current harmonics on the grid side, which will lead to the decline of power quality. In this paper, the current control methods of quasi-PR control and current-weighted method are given, and the harmonic suppression effects of other control methods, such as traditional piecewise PI control, are compared. Through Simulink simulation and experiment, it is proved that PR and current-weighted composite control can limit the harmonics of the network side to about 0.32%, and improve the dynamic response speed of the system. The resonant energy in the topology of the DC-DC converter becomes weaker when the load is light, and the switching loss will be aggravated, which makes the average efficiency of the charger low when the output power is wide range. To solve this problem, PWM-SPS control is used to expand the range of soft switching and improve the efficiency of light load of DC-DC converter. In addition, PWM-SPS control can also reduce the high frequency transformer current of DC-DC converter, alleviate the current stress of the device, and improve the reliability of the system. From the experimental data and curves, it can be seen that the efficiency of PWM-SPS control is better than that of traditional phase shift control, the rated efficiency is over 95%, and the efficiency of light load is increased by about 6%. In addition, the control and coordination of AC-DC converter and DC-DC converter in traditional charging mode and V2G mode are also studied in this paper. And the scheme of controlling the charging machine to feedback the active power and reactive power to the power grid. Finally, the resonant frequency oscillation peak is restrained by improving the structure of LCL filter. The drive circuit with buffer is designed to solve the electromagnetic compatibility problems such as interference of switch drive circuit and dead-time oscillation encountered in some experiments.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U469.72;TM910.6
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