微生物燃料电池电极材料产电性能的研究

发布时间：2018-09-17 18:15

【摘要】：微生物燃料电池是一种通过阳极室微生物的催化分解底物化合物,将底物中的化学能转化为电能,并产生电流的一种产生可再生能源的装置。在合适的阳极微生物作用下,微生物燃料电池能利用多种有机物作为底物,特别是生活污水、工业废水、废物等中的有机质。微生物燃料电池最大的优点在于将底物有机物的化学能直接转化为高效清洁的电能,同时实现废物处理和能源回收,解决了当前能源紧缺和环境污染两大问题。面对能源供应持续紧张、能源价格高、能源开发利用与环境保护的矛盾突出和能源利用效率较低等严峻形势,微生物燃料电池作为一种可再生能源具有巨大的社会效益、环境效益、经济效益,已经引起了人们越来越多的关注。目前关于微生物燃料电池的研究的目的都是为了提高系统的产电性能,即提高输出功率。因此选择良好的电极材料,选择适应于微生物良好生长、又能有效传递电子的电极尤为重要,研究降低微生物燃料电池电极的电化学损失和减少电极成本,这对促进MFC的扩大化和产业化有着十分重要的意义和价值。因此,本文以双室型微生物燃料电池为实验装置,以腐败希瓦氏菌(Shewanella putrefaciens PV4)为阳极微生物,以铁氰化钾作为阴极电子受体,研究铜电极和碳电极(碳布、碳纸、碳毡)作为电极材料的微生物燃料电池的电压和功率输出,并且通过CV曲线和系统内阻的比较,进一步表明碳电极材料微生物燃料电池产电性能的优劣。结果表明：(1)铜作为电极材料在与石墨的结合中,系统产电性能良好。效果有更大的改进空间。(2)通过极化曲线和功率密度曲线的比较,得出三种碳电极材料的最高输出电压和最高功率密度为：碳纸输出电压最高达到807mV,功率密度最高达到450mV·m-2,碳布其次,其最高输出电压达到770mV,功率密度最高达到294.274mV·m-2,第三为碳毡,最高输出电压达到740mV,最高功率密度达到206.496mV·m-2。(3)通过CV曲线,可以观察到三种碳电极材料的微生物燃料系统均在-0.4-0.6V之间有峰,证明氧化还原电位的产生是由微生物介导,并且碳纸微生物燃料系统的氧化还原电位在-0.4左右,进一步证明碳纸MFC系统运行良好。(4)利用阻抗法测定碳电极材料微生物燃料电池的内阻,结果为碳纸碳布碳毡,进一步证明碳纸微生物燃料电池系统的优越性。实验证明,碳纸、碳布、碳毡都较适合作为微生物燃料电池系统的电极,在这三种碳电极材料中,碳纸在输出功率和系统内阻上表现的更为稳定、产电性能更好,更适合作为进一步研究的电极。
[Abstract]:Microbial fuel cell is a kind of device that can decompose the substrate compound through the catalytic decomposition of the microorganism in the anode chamber, convert the chemical energy in the substrate into electric energy, and generate the electric current to produce the renewable energy. Under the action of anode microorganism, microbial fuel cell can use a variety of organic matter as substrate, especially organic matter in domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, waste and so on. The biggest advantage of microbial fuel cell lies in converting the chemical energy of substrate organic matter directly into efficient and clean electric energy, and realizing waste treatment and energy recovery at the same time, which solves the two major problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution. As a renewable energy, microbial fuel cell has great social benefits in the face of the severe situation of continuous shortage of energy supply, high energy price, outstanding contradiction between energy exploitation and environmental protection and low efficiency of energy utilization. Environmental benefits, economic benefits, has attracted more and more attention. At present, the purpose of microbial fuel cell research is to improve the electrical performance of the system, that is, to improve the output power. Therefore, it is very important to select a good electrode material, which is suitable for the growth of microorganism and to transfer electrons effectively. It is very important to study how to reduce the electrochemical loss and reduce the electrode cost of microbial fuel cell electrode. It is of great significance and value to promote the expansion and industrialization of MFC. Therefore, in this paper, the copper electrode and carbon electrode (carbon cloth, carbon paper, carbon cloth, carbon paper) and potassium ferricyanide (potassium ferricyanide) were used as anode microorganism and two-chamber microbial fuel cell as experimental device, (Shewanella putrefaciens PV4 as anode microorganism and potassium ferricyanide as cathode electron receptor. Carbon felt) the voltage and power output of microbial fuel cell as electrode material, and through the comparison of CV curve and system internal resistance, it is further indicated that the performance of microbial fuel cell with carbon electrode material is superior to that of microbial fuel cell. The results show that: (1) the electrical properties of the system are good when copper is used as electrode material in combination with graphite. There is more room for improvement. (2) by comparing the polarization curve with the power density curve, The maximum output voltage and power density of three kinds of carbon electrode materials are as follows: the highest output voltage of carbon paper is 807mV, the highest power density is 450mV m-2, the highest output voltage of carbon cloth is 770mV, the highest power density is 294.274mV m-2, and the third is carbon felt. The maximum output voltage was 740mV and the maximum power density reached 206.496mV m-23.Three CV curves showed that the microbial fuel systems of the three kinds of carbon electrode materials had peaks between -0.4-0.6V, which indicated that the redox potential was mediated by microorganisms. The redox potential of carbon-paper microbial fuel system is about -0.4, which further proves that the carbon-paper MFC system works well. (4) the internal resistance of microbial fuel cell with carbon electrode material is measured by impedance method, and the result is carbon paper carbon cloth carbon felt. The superiority of carbon paper microbial fuel cell system is further proved. The experiment shows that carbon paper, carbon cloth and carbon felt are more suitable for the electrode of microbial fuel cell system. In these three kinds of carbon electrode materials, the output power and system internal resistance of carbon paper are more stable and the electrical performance is better. It is more suitable as electrode for further study.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM911.45

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