电池储能参与电力系统调频研究
发布时间：2018-09-19 16:04
【摘要】：风力和太阳能光伏发电的输出功率具有波动性和不确定性，其大规模并网会给电网安全稳定运行带来重大挑战。与此同时，常规调频电源响应慢、爬坡速率低，已不能完全满足电力系统快速发展及新能源接入的需求。如何在新能源发电高渗透率条件下确保电力系统频率稳定已成为中国电网面临的新挑战之一。 近年来，各种电力储能技术的快速发展为解决这些问题带来了新的契机，其中的电池储能技术，作为储能家族中技术较为成熟的一员，具有快速精确的功率跟踪能力，能为电力系统提供优质的调频服务，比常规调频电源更加高效，，为常规电网调频所面临的困境提供了一种新的辅助调频手段。 本文首先介绍了电力系统一、二次调频的机理和基本概念，根据实际电力系统的物理结构和工作模式，系统地分析总结了电网调频仿真模型中的区域等效方法，构建了常规电力系统调频的区域等效模型；在深入分析区域等效模型所涉及的各环节基本特点的基础上，指出了现有模型存在的缺陷，进而提出了一个可以反映机组出力约束、互联系统联络线功率约束、一、二次调频解耦控制以及通信时延等主要影响因素的两区域4机组互联电网的调频仿真模型；在深入分析电池储能电源工作原理、内部结构及其传统调频模型的基础上，提取了电池储能系统在调频场景下的主导特性参数，从电池单体集成角度出发建立了一种改进型电池储能电源调频模型。 然后，以湖南电网冬小运行方式下的开机情况为基础，建立了长株潭三区域互联系统的等效模型并验证了模型对该区域频率特性的描述能力，证明了基于该模型仿真研究的有效性。在此基础上，深入分析了区域电网及常规电源的调频特性，挖掘了传统调频技术的特点及所存在的固有缺陷，重点分析了储能电源参与电力调频的需求及潜在应用工况。 针对含电池储能电源的负荷频率控制协调问题，在一次调频场景下，完善了储能固定频率调节效应系数的确定方法，提出了变频率调节效应系数的控制策略并验证了该控制策略的优势；在二次调频场景下，构建了基于预测控制理论(MPC)的含电池储能电源的调频协调控制体系，并结合长株潭三区域互联系统空间状态方程进行仿真，验证了该协调控制体系在调频场景下的适用性。在常规电网调频评价指标的基础上，提出了电池储能电源参与调频的高效性评价指标，通过在长株潭三区域互联系统中模拟不同工况，对比分析了电池储能电源与常规电源的调频高效性。
[Abstract]:The output power of wind and solar photovoltaic power generation is volatile and uncertain, and its large-scale grid connection will bring great challenges to the safe and stable operation of power grid. At the same time, the response of the conventional FM power supply is slow and the climbing rate is low, which can not fully meet the needs of the rapid development of power system and the new energy access. How to ensure the frequency stability of power system under the condition of high permeability of new energy generation has become one of the new challenges faced by Chinese power grid. In recent years, the rapid development of various electric energy storage technologies has brought new opportunities to solve these problems. The battery energy storage technology, as a mature member of the energy storage family, has the ability of fast and accurate power tracking. It can provide high quality frequency modulation service for power system and is more efficient than conventional frequency modulation power supply. It provides a new auxiliary frequency modulation method for the predicament of conventional power system. This paper first introduces the principle and basic concept of power system primary and secondary frequency modulation. According to the physical structure and working mode of actual power system, it systematically analyzes and summarizes the regional equivalent method in the power network frequency modulation simulation model. The regional equivalent model of frequency modulation of conventional power system is constructed, and on the basis of deeply analyzing the basic characteristics of each link involved in the regional equivalent model, the defects of the existing model are pointed out, and a new model is put forward to reflect the constraint of generating unit output. The power constraints of tie-line of interconnected system, the main influencing factors such as secondary frequency modulation decoupling control and communication delay, the FM simulation model of interconnected power network of four units in two regions, the working principle of battery energy storage power supply is deeply analyzed. Based on the internal structure and its traditional FM model, the dominant characteristic parameters of the battery energy storage system in the FM scene are extracted, and an improved FM model of the battery energy storage power supply is established from the view of the battery monomer integration. Then, the equivalent model of Chang-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan three area interconnection system is established based on the start-up of Hunan power grid in winter, and the capability of describing the frequency characteristics of this region is verified by the model. The effectiveness of the simulation based on the model is proved. On this basis, the characteristics of frequency modulation of regional power network and conventional power supply are deeply analyzed, the characteristics and inherent defects of traditional frequency modulation technology are excavated, and the demand of energy storage power supply to participate in power frequency modulation and its potential application condition are emphatically analyzed. Aiming at the problem of coordination of load frequency control in battery storage power supply, the method of determining the coefficient of fixed frequency regulation effect of energy storage is improved in the primary frequency modulation scene. The control strategy of variable frequency regulation effect coefficient is put forward and the superiority of the control strategy is verified. In the secondary frequency modulation scene, a frequency modulation coordinated control system with battery energy storage power supply based on predictive control theory (MPC) is constructed. The simulation of the space state equation of the three regions interconnected system in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan is carried out, and the applicability of the coordinated control system in the FM scene is verified. On the basis of the evaluation index of frequency modulation in conventional power grid, the evaluation index of efficiency of battery energy storage power supply participating in frequency modulation is put forward, and different working conditions are simulated in the three area interconnected system of Chang-Zhu-Tan. The FM efficiency of battery energy storage power supply and conventional power supply is compared and analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM91
本文编号：2250619
[Abstract]:The output power of wind and solar photovoltaic power generation is volatile and uncertain, and its large-scale grid connection will bring great challenges to the safe and stable operation of power grid. At the same time, the response of the conventional FM power supply is slow and the climbing rate is low, which can not fully meet the needs of the rapid development of power system and the new energy access. How to ensure the frequency stability of power system under the condition of high permeability of new energy generation has become one of the new challenges faced by Chinese power grid. In recent years, the rapid development of various electric energy storage technologies has brought new opportunities to solve these problems. The battery energy storage technology, as a mature member of the energy storage family, has the ability of fast and accurate power tracking. It can provide high quality frequency modulation service for power system and is more efficient than conventional frequency modulation power supply. It provides a new auxiliary frequency modulation method for the predicament of conventional power system. This paper first introduces the principle and basic concept of power system primary and secondary frequency modulation. According to the physical structure and working mode of actual power system, it systematically analyzes and summarizes the regional equivalent method in the power network frequency modulation simulation model. The regional equivalent model of frequency modulation of conventional power system is constructed, and on the basis of deeply analyzing the basic characteristics of each link involved in the regional equivalent model, the defects of the existing model are pointed out, and a new model is put forward to reflect the constraint of generating unit output. The power constraints of tie-line of interconnected system, the main influencing factors such as secondary frequency modulation decoupling control and communication delay, the FM simulation model of interconnected power network of four units in two regions, the working principle of battery energy storage power supply is deeply analyzed. Based on the internal structure and its traditional FM model, the dominant characteristic parameters of the battery energy storage system in the FM scene are extracted, and an improved FM model of the battery energy storage power supply is established from the view of the battery monomer integration. Then, the equivalent model of Chang-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan three area interconnection system is established based on the start-up of Hunan power grid in winter, and the capability of describing the frequency characteristics of this region is verified by the model. The effectiveness of the simulation based on the model is proved. On this basis, the characteristics of frequency modulation of regional power network and conventional power supply are deeply analyzed, the characteristics and inherent defects of traditional frequency modulation technology are excavated, and the demand of energy storage power supply to participate in power frequency modulation and its potential application condition are emphatically analyzed. Aiming at the problem of coordination of load frequency control in battery storage power supply, the method of determining the coefficient of fixed frequency regulation effect of energy storage is improved in the primary frequency modulation scene. The control strategy of variable frequency regulation effect coefficient is put forward and the superiority of the control strategy is verified. In the secondary frequency modulation scene, a frequency modulation coordinated control system with battery energy storage power supply based on predictive control theory (MPC) is constructed. The simulation of the space state equation of the three regions interconnected system in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan is carried out, and the applicability of the coordinated control system in the FM scene is verified. On the basis of the evaluation index of frequency modulation in conventional power grid, the evaluation index of efficiency of battery energy storage power supply participating in frequency modulation is put forward, and different working conditions are simulated in the three area interconnected system of Chang-Zhu-Tan. The FM efficiency of battery energy storage power supply and conventional power supply is compared and analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM91
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