无刷直流电机高效驱动控制技术研究

发布时间：2018-10-10 14:35

【摘要】：无刷直流电机（BLDCM）既具有交流电机的结构简单、运行可靠、维护方便等一系列优点，又具有直流电机的运行效率高、励磁损耗小以及调速性能好等诸多特点，使它一经出现就以极快的速度得到发展和普及。在航空航天和汽车工业等能量有限的供电系统中，由于无刷直流电机的功率较大，对驱动系统的效率和可靠性都要求较高，研究无刷直流电机驱动效率，并实现高效驱动，具有迫切需求。本文围绕BLDCM驱动效率，开展了BLDCM高效驱动控制技术研究，主要研究内容和结论如下： 1.在阐述了课题的背景、意义以及国内外研究现状的基础上，详细分析了无刷直流电机的基本结构、工作原理以及数学模型，基于Matlab/Simulink仿真软件建立了无刷直流电机驱动系统的仿真模型，以TI公司的TMS320F2812DSP为主控芯片，研制了无刷直流电机驱动系统的实验样机，实验样机和仿真模型具有较好的吻合度。 2.基于整体驱动系统，推导了逆变电路损耗和电机损耗。为减小逆变电路损耗，采用了一种新型驱动系统主电路及其控制方法，通过添加前级双向级联Buck-Boost电路，利用同步整流技术减小逆变电路的开关损耗和续流损耗。新型驱动系统的相电流较为平直，能够很好地消除续流损耗，减小开关损耗和电机铁耗，抑制转矩脉动，达到高效驱动的目的。 3.为提高电机运行中的驱动效率，研究了不同驱动方式对驱动效率的影响，，分析了空间矢量脉宽调制（SVPWM）的基本原理，编写了驱动控制程序，实现了无刷直流电机正弦波SVPWM驱动控制。试验对比了PWM驱动和SVPWM驱动，结果表明，相比方波PWM驱动，开关损耗最小SVPWM驱动效率提高1.5%，常规SVPWM驱动效率提高2.5%。 4.为进一步提高驱动效率，研究了能量回馈制动控制技术。在分析了其控制原理和调制方式的基础上，推导了不同调制方式下的数学模型，针对传统恒转矩回馈制动方式中逆变电路损耗较大的缺点，提出了基于同步整流技术的回馈制动控制新方法，得出了调制导通功率器件的逻辑顺序，新型控制方法既能高效回馈能量，又能缩短制动时间。
[Abstract]:Brushless DC motor (BLDCM) not only has a series of advantages such as simple structure, reliable operation, convenient maintenance and so on, but also has many characteristics such as high running efficiency, low excitation loss and good speed regulation performance. As soon as it appears, it can be developed and popularized at an extremely fast rate. In the power supply system with limited energy, such as aerospace and automobile industry, because of the large power of brushless DC motor, the efficiency and reliability of the drive system are all required, so the drive efficiency of brushless DC motor is studied, and the efficient drive is realized. There is an urgent need. This paper focuses on the efficiency of BLDCM drive, and carries out the research of BLDCM efficient drive control technology. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: 1. Based on the background and significance of the subject and the current research situation at home and abroad, the basic structure, working principle and mathematical model of brushless DC motor are analyzed in detail. The simulation model of brushless DC motor drive system is established based on Matlab/Simulink simulation software. The experimental prototype of brushless DC motor drive system is developed with TMS320F2812DSP of TI company as main control chip. The experimental prototype has good agreement with the simulation model. 2. Based on the whole drive system, the inverter circuit loss and motor loss are deduced. In order to reduce the loss of inverter circuit, a new drive system main circuit and its control method are adopted. By adding the front-stage bi-directional cascade Buck-Boost circuit, synchronous rectifier technology is used to reduce the switching loss and the continuous current loss of the inverter circuit. The phase current of the new drive system is flat, which can eliminate the continuous current loss, reduce the switching loss and the motor iron loss, restrain the torque ripple, and achieve the purpose of high efficiency drive. In order to improve the driving efficiency of the motor, the influence of different driving modes on the driving efficiency is studied, the basic principle of the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is analyzed, and the driving control program is compiled. The sinusoidal SVPWM drive control of brushless DC motor is realized. The experimental results show that compared with square wave PWM drive, the minimum SVPWM drive efficiency of switch loss is improved by 1.5 and the driving efficiency of conventional SVPWM is increased by 2.5.4. In order to further improve the driving efficiency, the energy feedback braking control technology is studied. Based on the analysis of its control principle and modulation mode, the mathematical models of different modulation modes are derived. A new feedback braking control method based on synchronous rectifier technology is proposed. The logical sequence of modulating and conducting power devices is obtained. The new control method can not only efficiently feedback energy but also shorten braking time.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM33

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