基于参数辨识的电网损耗分析及能效评价研究

发布时间：2018-10-12 13:32

【摘要】：当前,能源与环境问题成为世界关注的焦点,节能减排是各行各业的共同目标,作为能源消耗大户的电网企业更加重视电网的节能降损工作。经过多年努力我国电网线损率有了较大幅度的降低,但是面对新能源的快速发展、居民商业等高损耗用户的快速增加都对整个电网的能效水平提出了挑战。同时,在影响线损分析的三要素模型算法、元件参数、采集数据中,中低压配电网中数据采集一直以来是较欠缺的地方,而适用于采集数据的模型算法又是相辅相成的。随着用电信息采集系统的普及,有必要对当前线损计算方法进行改进。本文从当前电网节能降损需求出发,主要研究了配电网损耗情况以及节能降损措施和能效评价方法。首先,分析了当前我国电网的能效现状,提出了节能降损的重点在配电网。梳理了国内外电网损耗研究现状和发展趋势,并且指出了我国电网损耗研究的必要性和意义。其次,根据当前电网损耗计算中参数残缺和错误的特点,在分析了配电网拓扑结构的基础上,给出了配电网以不同类型节点为基本单元的支路参数求解方法,引入最小二参数辨识法对支路参数进行求解,并且提出了对整个配电网进行参数辨识的一般步骤。再者,整理了电网损耗的相关概念,指出了理论线损的定义和分类。分析了交流输电系统的损耗构成及计算方法,将潮流法引入到配电网损耗计算中,给出了采用分层前推回代法的辐射状配电网损耗计算方法。然后,依据电网损耗的特点提出了以节能设备更换为主的电网节能降损措施。分析了输电导线更换、高效变压器更换、无功补偿装置应用、升压改造、消谐滤波装置应用这五类能效提升方法的节约电力和电量的量化值。并且在物理仿真平台上进行了节能量验证。最后,针对当前电网缺乏综合能效分析的现在,提出了一套电网能效综合评价方法,从元件指标、运行指标、综合指标和经济指标四个方面来综合判断电网的能效水平,并且将此方法应用于实际电网中进行能效评价同时指出了存在的不足提出了改进方法。
[Abstract]:At present, energy and environment issues have become the focus of attention in the world, energy saving and emission reduction is the common goal of various industries. As a large consumer of energy, power grid enterprises pay more attention to energy conservation and loss reduction. After years of effort, the power network line loss rate has been greatly reduced in China, but in the face of the rapid development of new energy sources, the rapid increase of high loss users, such as residential commerce, has posed a challenge to the energy efficiency level of the whole power network. At the same time, in the three element model algorithm, component parameter and data acquisition, the data acquisition in medium and low voltage distribution network has been lacking, and the model algorithm suitable for data acquisition is complementary to each other. With the popularization of power information acquisition system, it is necessary to improve the current line loss calculation method. Based on the current demand for energy saving and loss reduction, this paper mainly studies the situation of distribution network loss, energy saving and loss reduction measures and energy efficiency evaluation methods. Firstly, the present situation of energy efficiency in China's power grid is analyzed, and the emphasis of energy saving and loss reduction is put forward. The present situation and development trend of power loss research at home and abroad are reviewed, and the necessity and significance of power loss research in China are pointed out. Secondly, according to the characteristics of incomplete and wrong parameters in the current power network loss calculation, based on the analysis of the distribution network topology structure, the method of solving the branch parameters of the distribution network with different types of nodes as the basic unit is given. The least square parameter identification method is introduced to solve the branch parameters, and the general steps of parameter identification for the whole distribution network are proposed. Furthermore, the related concepts of grid loss are sorted out, and the definition and classification of theoretical line loss are pointed out. In this paper, the loss composition and calculation method of AC transmission system are analyzed. The power flow method is introduced into the loss calculation of distribution network, and the radiation distribution network loss calculation method using layered forward pushback method is presented. Then, according to the characteristics of power network loss, the energy saving and loss reduction measures based on energy saving equipment replacement are put forward. This paper analyzes the energy saving and quantification value of the five kinds of energy efficiency promotion methods, such as transmission wire replacement, high efficiency transformer replacement, reactive power compensation device application, voltage boost transformation and harmonic elimination filter. And the energy saving verification is carried out on the physical simulation platform. Finally, in view of the current lack of comprehensive energy efficiency analysis, a comprehensive evaluation method of power grid energy efficiency is proposed, which comprehensively judges the power grid energy efficiency level from four aspects: component index, operation index, comprehensive index and economic index. At the same time, this method is applied to the energy efficiency evaluation in the actual power grid, and the shortcomings are pointed out and an improved method is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM714.3

【参考文献】