基于ARM的家庭电能管理系统设计

发布时间：2018-10-15 11:36

【摘要】：近年来能源短缺、生态环境恶化和经济复苏乏力等问题凸显,节能降耗成为生态和经济可持续发展的必然要求；家庭电能管理系统提供家电用电信息可视化和家电远程控制功能,不仅能促使用户养成良好的家电使用习惯节约用电,还能为用户监控家电用电信息提供有效手段保障用电安全。目前我国电网智能化水平不高,智能家电研发成本较高,智能家电网络化控制标准不统一,导致家庭电能管理系统发展情况并不理想。为了解决这些问题,本文提出了一种基于嵌入式技术的家庭电能管理系统设计方案。系统包括智能插座、电能网关和上位机三部分,智能插座实现家电用电信息采集和数据通信功能；电能网关实现家电信息存储、集中管理家电Web服务和嵌入式互联网通信功能；用户可使用上位机浏览器软件登录电能网关Web管理网站,远程查看和管理家电用电。家电借助智能插座节点加入家庭电能管理系统,智能插座与电能网关通过家庭电力线网络组网通信,上位机与家庭电能网关通过互联网进行远程通信。首先,运用电能计量技术和单片机控制技术设计智能插座节点。硬件设计采用STC12C5A60S2芯片为控制核心,包括ADE7755计量芯片相关电路、电源电路、采样电路和继电器控制电路设计等工作；软件设计包括主程序、电能计量、时钟计量、通信处理、掉电保护程序设计和功能寄存器及指令定义等工作。其次,运用嵌入式Web技术、嵌入式数据库技术和PLC技术设计家庭电能网关。硬件设计以开发板GEC2440为核心,包括电源、存储器、PLC模块和以太网接口等模块电路设计工作；软件包括嵌入式arm-linux-gcc开发环境搭建、boaWeb服务器设计、SQLite3数据库设计和家庭电能管理系统网站设计等工作。最后,搭建测试平台测试系统性能。测试结果表明：系统响应时间小于3秒,功率测量平均误差不大于1W；智能插座可精确计量家电用电信息,准确响应用户管理指令；管理网站界面简洁、操作方便、功能齐全,可详细展示家电用电信息、分类统计家电电能消耗和远程控制家电工作状态；本系统使用智能插座既降低了家电智能化成本,又解决了家电控制标准不统一的问题,具有很强的兼容性；使用PLC和互联网通信替代智能电网通信,可避免我国电网智能化水平不高的限制,广泛应用于我国家庭电能管理领域。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the problems of energy shortage, deterioration of ecological environment and economic recovery are prominent. Energy saving and consumption reduction become the inevitable requirement of sustainable development of ecology and economy. The household electric energy management system can not only promote the users to form a good habit of using household appliances to save electricity, but also provides the functions of visualization of household appliances power information and remote control of household appliances. It can also provide effective means for users to monitor electrical information of household appliances to ensure the safety of electricity use. At present, the level of power grid intelligence in China is not high, the research and development cost of intelligent household appliances is high, and the networked control standard of intelligent household appliances is not unified, resulting in the development of household power management system is not ideal. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a design scheme of household power management system based on embedded technology. The system consists of three parts: intelligent socket, power gateway and upper computer. The intelligent socket realizes the functions of household electrical information collection and data communication, and the power gateway realizes household appliances information storage, centralized management of home appliances Web service and embedded Internet communication function. Users can use PC browser software to log on to the power gateway Web management website, remote view and management of household appliances. Home appliances use intelligent socket node to join home power management system, intelligent socket and power gateway communicate through home power line network, and upper computer and home power gateway communicate remotely through Internet. Firstly, the intelligent socket node is designed by using power metering technology and single chip computer control technology. The hardware design uses STC12C5A60S2 chip as the control core, including ADE7755 metering chip related circuit, power supply circuit, sampling circuit and relay control circuit design, software design includes main program, electric energy metering, clock metering, communication processing, etc. Power-off protection program design and function register and instruction definition and so on. Secondly, the home power gateway is designed with embedded Web technology, embedded database technology and PLC technology. The core of hardware design is GEC2440, which includes power supply, memory, PLC module and Ethernet interface. The software includes the construction of embedded arm-linux-gcc development environment, the design of boaWeb server, the design of SQLite3 database and the design of home power management system website. Finally, the test platform is built to test the performance of the system. The test results show that the response time of the system is less than 3 seconds, the average error of power measurement is not more than 1W, the intelligent socket can accurately measure the electrical information of household appliances and respond accurately to the user management instruction, the interface of the management website is simple, the operation is convenient, and the functions are complete. This system not only reduces the intelligent cost of household appliances, but also solves the problem that the control standard of household appliances is not uniform, and the intelligent socket can not only reduce the intelligent cost of household appliances, but also solve the problem that the control standards of household appliances are not uniform. Using PLC and Internet to replace smart grid communication can avoid the limitation of low intelligence level of power grid in our country, and it is widely used in the field of household power management in China.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM73

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