微电网的脆弱性评估及故障后的重构研究

发布时间：2018-10-16 11:19

【摘要】：近年来，大电网通过其优势得到快速的发展，但是集中式供电的特点导致其弊端日益明显，难以满足用户对安全性和可靠性的要求。高效环保的分布式发电技术获得了迅速的发展。小容量分布式电源构成的微电网的研究成为一个热点。微电网既可与大电网并网运行,也可在大电网故障时与主网断开单独运行。微电网作为一个复杂系统，其脆弱性问题是不容忽视的。本文介绍了脆弱性评估和故障后重构在微电网中研究的现状和主要面临的问题，并对微电网的脆弱性和重构展开研究。采用层次分析法建立了五项脆弱性指标，从线路过负荷性和电压失稳性等不同角度对微电网进行全面评估。在此基础上提出了系统综合脆弱度这一综合评价微电网脆弱性的指标。应用蚁群算法作为微电网重构的寻优算法，它具有全局搜索的能力，并且不依赖初始参数的设置。针对传统算法会盲目挑选规则选择初始解的弊端，改进了蚁群算法信息素的更新规则，，大幅度提高了搜索效率。并且提出以系统综合脆弱度和网络损耗最小作为微电网重构的目标函数，将多目标优化问题转化为单目标优化，提高了算法效率，并得到微电网重构及运行方案。为微电网安全运行维护和改造提供参考。实验证明可以准确得到微电网故障后微电网重构的最佳方案。以微电网CERTS和标准的33节点模型为例，对微电网的脆弱性综合评价指标和故障后重构问题用MATLAB/SIMULINK进行模拟仿真，验证本文所采用评估方法的可行性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the large power grid has been developing rapidly through its advantages, but the characteristics of centralized power supply lead to its increasingly obvious drawbacks, it is difficult to meet the security and reliability requirements of users. Distributed power generation technology with high efficiency and environmental protection has been developed rapidly. The research of microgrid with small capacity distributed generation has become a hot spot. Microgrid can be connected with large power grid or disconnected from the main network in the event of fault. As a complex system, the vulnerability of microgrid can not be ignored. In this paper, the current situation and main problems of vulnerability assessment and post-fault reconfiguration in microgrid are introduced, and the vulnerability and reconfiguration of micro-grid are studied. Five vulnerability indexes are established by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to evaluate the microgrid from different angles such as line overload and voltage instability. On the basis of this, the index of system comprehensive vulnerability is proposed to evaluate the vulnerability of microgrid. Ant colony algorithm (ACA) is used as an optimization algorithm for microgrid reconfiguration. It has the ability of global searching and does not depend on the setting of initial parameters. Aiming at the disadvantage that the traditional algorithm can blindly select the initial solution, the updating rule of pheromone in ant colony algorithm is improved, and the searching efficiency is greatly improved. It is proposed that the system comprehensive vulnerability and the minimum network loss are taken as the objective function of micro-grid reconfiguration. The multi-objective optimization problem is transformed into single-objective optimization, which improves the efficiency of the algorithm, and obtains the microgrid reconfiguration and operation scheme. It provides a reference for the safe operation, maintenance and reconstruction of microgrid. Experimental results show that the optimal scheme of microgrid reconfiguration can be obtained accurately. Taking CERTS and the standard 33-bus model as examples, the vulnerability comprehensive evaluation index and post-fault reconfiguration of microgrid are simulated with MATLAB/SIMULINK to verify the feasibility of the evaluation method adopted in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM732

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