四种不同构架的ZnO一维纳米材料的制备及在量子点敏化太阳能电池中的应用
发布时间：2018-10-18 14:39
【摘要】：无机量子点敏化的太阳能电池(QDSCs)，由于其敏化剂具有很好的稳定性，不会随时间分解，有可能替代有机染料的材料。一维氧化锌材料，由于其具有较高的电荷迁移率，能够提供一个直接的电子通道，使得其在敏化太阳能中(SSCs)有很高的研究价值。 本文采用水热生长法合成ZnO材料，通过改变实验参数，获得了4种不同构架的一维ZnO材料。使用离子吸附反应的方法定量的获得了CdS无机量子点敏化层，并对合成的ZnO材料的敏化太阳能电池性能进行了系统的研究。本文的主要结论如下： 5mM的醋酸锌溶液作育种处理，包含硝酸锌，HMTA，PEI和氨水的溶液作为生长液，调控不同的生长温度和生长时间，得到样品。把所得的样品通过XRD，SEM，EDS等表征，表征结果显示所得的4种样品分别为纤锌矿结构的ZnO纳米棒阵列、纳米管阵列、纳米森林和纳米线构成的金字塔。 采用离子吸附-反应沉积的方法，通过控制吸附-反应的次数来得到不同量的无机CdS量子点沉积，通过制备电池已电池转化效率作为指标，选择了不同样品最佳的沉积的次数，ZnO纳米棒为40次，纳米管为35次，纳米森林为30次，纳米线构成的金字塔为30次。通过对不同沉积量的ZnO纳米棒阵列的电池的暗电流性能分析，结果表明：光生电子与电解液的复合场所主要发生在未被CdS沉积的ZnO表面。 利用4种构架的ZnO一维纳米材料作为敏化电池的光阳极，制备了敏化太阳能电池，得到了最佳量子点沉积下的太阳能电池的转化效率分别如下。ZnO纳米棒阵列：0.50％；ZnO纳米管阵列：1.08％；ZnO纳米森林：1.34％；ZnO线构成的金字塔：1.60％。 ④通过对纯的4种构架的ZnO样品进行光吸收和反射谱分析，，结果表明：ZnO线构成的金字塔具有相对较高的光吸收特性和较好的抗反特性，通过对样品进行BET测试分析，结果表明ZnO线构成的金字塔具有较高的比表面积和孔隙率，这样的特性有利于量子点的沉积和光的吸收。通过对最佳沉积CdS量的4种构架的ZnO样品进行光吸收谱分析，结果表明：ZnO线构成的金字塔结构搭载的CdS量子点具有更高的光吸收特性。这样更有利于光电子的产生。 ⑤通过对基于这4种一维构架的ZnO电池的暗电流、光电压衰减及其得到的光电子寿命曲线测试分析，结果表明：基于ZnO线构成的金字塔的无机CdS量子敏化太阳电池具有较小的暗电流特性，和较长的光电子寿命。这说明ZnO线构成的金字塔结构能够更好的沉积无机CdS量子点在其表面，从而减少光生电子在ZnO表面与电解液的复合。 ⑥通过对以上特性的分析总结，得出对于基于一维ZnO材料的无机量子点敏化太阳能电池，通过不同的一维构架来获得较大的比表面积，通过控制CdS的沉积量来减少光生电子与电解液的复合能够极有效的提高太阳能电池的转化效率。
[Abstract]:The inorganic quantum dot-sensitized solar cell (QDSCs), has good stability and will not decompose with time, so it is possible to replace the organic dyestuff material. Because of its high charge mobility, one-dimensional zinc oxide can provide a direct electron channel, which makes it valuable to study (SSCs) in sensitized solar energy. In this paper, ZnO materials were synthesized by hydrothermal growth method. By changing the experimental parameters, four kinds of one-dimensional ZnO materials with different structures were obtained. The sensitized layer of CdS inorganic quantum dots was obtained quantitatively by ion adsorption reaction, and the sensitized solar cell performance of the synthesized ZnO materials was systematically studied. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: the zinc acetate solution of 5mM was used as breeding treatment, and the solution containing zinc nitrate, HMTA,PEI and ammonia solution was used as growth solution to regulate the growth temperature and growth time to obtain the sample. The samples were characterized by XRD,SEM,EDS, and the results showed that the four samples were wurtzite ZnO nanorod arrays, nanotube arrays, forest nanowires and nanowires, respectively. Different amounts of inorganic CdS quantum dots were obtained by controlling the times of adsorption-reaction by ion adsorption-reaction deposition, and the conversion efficiency of batteries was used as the index. The optimum deposition times for different samples were 40 times for ZnO nanorods, 35 times for nanotubes, 30 times for forest nanowires and 30 times for pyramids formed by nanowires. The dark current properties of ZnO nanorod arrays with different deposition amounts were analyzed. The results show that the composite sites of photogenerated electrons and electrolyte mainly occur on the surface of ZnO which is not deposited by CdS. The sensitized solar cells were prepared by using four kinds of ZnO one-dimensional nanomaterials as the photoanode of the sensitized cells. The conversion efficiency of the solar cells deposited by the best quantum dots was obtained as follows: ZnO nanorods array: 0.50 nm array; ZnO nanotube arrays: 1.08b. ZnO nanospheres: a pyramid of 1.34ZnO wires: 1.60. by analyzing the light absorption and reflectance spectra of pure ZnO samples of four different structures, The results show that the pyramids formed by ZnO lines have relatively high light absorption characteristics and good anti-inversion properties. The results of BET analysis of the samples show that the pyramids formed by ZnO lines have higher specific surface area and porosity. This property is conducive to the deposition of quantum dots and the absorption of light. The optical absorption spectra of four kinds of ZnO samples with the best deposition amount of CdS were analyzed. The results show that the CdS quantum dots with pyramid structure formed by ZnO line have higher optical absorption characteristics. This is more conducive to the generation of photoelectrons. 5 by measuring and analyzing the dark current, photovoltage attenuation and photoelectron lifetime curves of ZnO cells based on these four kinds of one-dimensional frames, The results show that the pyramidal inorganic CdS quantum sensitized solar cells based on ZnO wires have smaller dark current characteristics and longer photoelectron lifetime. This shows that the pyramidal structure of ZnO lines can better deposit inorganic CdS quantum dots on its surface, thus reducing the combination of photogenerated electrons on the surface of ZnO and electrolyte. The results show that inorganic quantum dots sensitized solar cells based on one-dimensional ZnO materials can obtain larger specific surface area through different one-dimensional frames. The conversion efficiency of solar cells can be greatly improved by controlling the deposition amount of CdS to reduce the combination of photogenerated electrons and electrolyte.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM914.4;TB383.1
本文编号：2279434
[Abstract]:The inorganic quantum dot-sensitized solar cell (QDSCs), has good stability and will not decompose with time, so it is possible to replace the organic dyestuff material. Because of its high charge mobility, one-dimensional zinc oxide can provide a direct electron channel, which makes it valuable to study (SSCs) in sensitized solar energy. In this paper, ZnO materials were synthesized by hydrothermal growth method. By changing the experimental parameters, four kinds of one-dimensional ZnO materials with different structures were obtained. The sensitized layer of CdS inorganic quantum dots was obtained quantitatively by ion adsorption reaction, and the sensitized solar cell performance of the synthesized ZnO materials was systematically studied. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: the zinc acetate solution of 5mM was used as breeding treatment, and the solution containing zinc nitrate, HMTA,PEI and ammonia solution was used as growth solution to regulate the growth temperature and growth time to obtain the sample. The samples were characterized by XRD,SEM,EDS, and the results showed that the four samples were wurtzite ZnO nanorod arrays, nanotube arrays, forest nanowires and nanowires, respectively. Different amounts of inorganic CdS quantum dots were obtained by controlling the times of adsorption-reaction by ion adsorption-reaction deposition, and the conversion efficiency of batteries was used as the index. The optimum deposition times for different samples were 40 times for ZnO nanorods, 35 times for nanotubes, 30 times for forest nanowires and 30 times for pyramids formed by nanowires. The dark current properties of ZnO nanorod arrays with different deposition amounts were analyzed. The results show that the composite sites of photogenerated electrons and electrolyte mainly occur on the surface of ZnO which is not deposited by CdS. The sensitized solar cells were prepared by using four kinds of ZnO one-dimensional nanomaterials as the photoanode of the sensitized cells. The conversion efficiency of the solar cells deposited by the best quantum dots was obtained as follows: ZnO nanorods array: 0.50 nm array; ZnO nanotube arrays: 1.08b. ZnO nanospheres: a pyramid of 1.34ZnO wires: 1.60. by analyzing the light absorption and reflectance spectra of pure ZnO samples of four different structures, The results show that the pyramids formed by ZnO lines have relatively high light absorption characteristics and good anti-inversion properties. The results of BET analysis of the samples show that the pyramids formed by ZnO lines have higher specific surface area and porosity. This property is conducive to the deposition of quantum dots and the absorption of light. The optical absorption spectra of four kinds of ZnO samples with the best deposition amount of CdS were analyzed. The results show that the CdS quantum dots with pyramid structure formed by ZnO line have higher optical absorption characteristics. This is more conducive to the generation of photoelectrons. 5 by measuring and analyzing the dark current, photovoltage attenuation and photoelectron lifetime curves of ZnO cells based on these four kinds of one-dimensional frames, The results show that the pyramidal inorganic CdS quantum sensitized solar cells based on ZnO wires have smaller dark current characteristics and longer photoelectron lifetime. This shows that the pyramidal structure of ZnO lines can better deposit inorganic CdS quantum dots on its surface, thus reducing the combination of photogenerated electrons on the surface of ZnO and electrolyte. The results show that inorganic quantum dots sensitized solar cells based on one-dimensional ZnO materials can obtain larger specific surface area through different one-dimensional frames. The conversion efficiency of solar cells can be greatly improved by controlling the deposition amount of CdS to reduce the combination of photogenerated electrons and electrolyte.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM914.4;TB383.1
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