太阳能光纤照明系统的设计

发布时间：2018-10-19 17:06

【摘要】：太阳能是一种绿色无污染、可持续使用的能源,将其作为日常生活中的主要能源并替代化石能源是一种发展趋势。然而由于太阳方位从早到晚都是变化的以及阴云天气容易遮挡太阳,这不仅导致了太阳能的利用效率低,而且也限制了太阳能的发展。因此,为了加大对太阳能的开发、应用的步伐,本文设计了太阳能光纤照明系统,其不仅系统结构简单,而且可广泛用于太阳光无法直接照射的地方,如地铁、地下停车库等场所。同时该系统还能滤除太阳光线中对人体有害的射线以及帮助人类实现可持续发展战略。 论文首先建立了基于卡塞格林结构的聚光装置的模型,分析讨论了该聚光装置的汇聚特性,并且根据传光光纤正常工作时所能承受的温度和旋转抛物面镜焦平面温度经验计算公式计算出该聚光装置的具体尺寸。其次根据汇聚光束对光纤耦合的要求以及基于卡塞格林结构的聚光装置对太阳光的汇聚特性而设计了适合本系统专用的太阳光耦合装置。此外根据光路系统的传光条件和技术要求,设计了二维结构的机械聚光平台。该机械结构聚光平台将在自动跟踪装置的带动下,对太阳方为进行追踪,使得聚光装置的采光面能够正对太阳。 系统采用单片机作为太阳光自动跟踪装置的控制器,并且设计了由光敏三极管组成的信号采集电路将太阳光光线强度的变化转化为电压信号,然后经过A/D转换器的作用而转换为能够被单片机识别的数字信号。单片机根据该数字信号以及软件编程的要求,通过控制步进电机的驱动电路而控制水平方向和竖直方向上的步进电机的转动,从而实现对太阳方位的精确追踪。此外该自动跟踪装置除了跟踪模式以外,还有复位模式、原处等待模式,从而能够抵抗阴云天气的干扰,反应速度快、能耗低以及成本低。
[Abstract]:Solar energy is a kind of green, pollution-free and sustainable energy. It is a development trend to take solar energy as the main energy in daily life and to replace fossil energy. However, because the position of the sun changes from morning to night and the cloudy weather is easy to block the sun, this not only leads to the low efficiency of solar energy utilization, but also limits the development of solar energy. Therefore, in order to increase the pace of development and application of solar energy, this paper designs a solar fiber lighting system, which not only has a simple structure, but also can be widely used in places where sunlight cannot be directly illuminated, such as subway. Underground parking garage and other places. The system can also filter harmful rays from the sun's rays and help people achieve sustainable development strategies. Firstly, the model of the condenser based on Cassegrain structure is established, and the convergent characteristics of the device are analyzed and discussed. Based on the empirical calculation formula of the temperature of optical fiber and the focal plane temperature of rotating parabolic mirror, the concrete size of the device is calculated. Secondly, according to the requirements of the optical fiber coupling of the convergent beam and the convergent characteristics of the concentrator based on the Cassegrain structure, a solar coupling device suitable for this system is designed. In addition, according to the light transmission conditions and technical requirements of the optical path system, a two-dimensional mechanical focusing platform is designed. Under the driving of automatic tracking device, the mechanical structure condensing platform will track the sun side, so that the lighting surface of the concentrator can be directly opposite the sun. The single chip microcomputer is used as the controller of the solar light automatic tracking device, and a signal acquisition circuit composed of Guang Min transistor is designed to convert the change of the solar light intensity into the voltage signal. Then the A / D converter is used to convert it into a digital signal that can be recognized by a single chip computer. According to the digital signal and the requirement of software programming, the single-chip microcomputer controls the rotation of the stepping motor in the horizontal and vertical direction by controlling the driving circuit of the stepping motor, thus realizing the accurate tracking of the sun azimuth. In addition, in addition to tracking mode, the automatic tracking device also has reset mode and original waiting mode, which can resist the interference of cloudy weather, high reaction speed, low energy consumption and low cost.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM923
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本文编号：2281780